Dual Treatment Cuts Dangerous Hospital Infection

Jan. 22 -- THURSDAY, Jan. 21 (HealthDay News) -- A new treatment for a widespread and virulent bacterial infection, Clostridium difficile, appears to dramatically cut recurrence, researchers report.

C. difficile infections have doubled in recent years, and one epidemic strain has caused severe outbreaks in hospitals and long-term care facilities, where the infection is most common. About 300,000 to 500,000 Americans contract C. difficile infections each year, and recurrences are common.

"Treatment of patients with C. difficile with two novel antibodies resulted in a 72 percent reduction in the number of patients that would recur with that disease," said lead researcher Dr. Donna Ambrosino, executive director of MassBiologics, the company that developed the monoclonal antibodies, and a professor of pediatrics at the University of Massachusetts Medical School.

The report was published in the Jan. 21 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

"The biggest issue beyond the initial disease is that even though [people] get better from the initial disease, they go on to have recurrences, and this treatment is preventing those recurrences," she explained.

C. difficile, which settles in the gastrointestinal tract, often strikes people receiving prolonged antibiotic treatment for other infections. It can cause severe diarrhea and damage the lining of the large intestine.

Treatment usually involves antibiotics, which also wipe out normal bowel flora, according to an accompanying editorial in the journal.

After antibiotic treatment, two toxins remain in the body that can cause a relapse. Moreover, the toxins resulting from the epidemic strain appear to cause more severe illness, a higher rate of relapse and about 7 percent mortality, Ambrosino said.

"The toxins are more of a problem than the actual bacteria," said Dr. Marc Siegel, an associate professor of medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City.