At University of Chicago law school, Elena Kagan published three works: "Confirmation Messes, Old and New," a book review dealing with judicial confirmations; "Private Speech, Public Purpose: The Role of Governmental Motive in First Amendment Doctrine," an article about the government's role in regulating speech; and, "Regulation of Hate Speech and Pornography After R.A.V.," a law review piece on regulating First Amendment hate speech. (University of Chicago via the White House)