From the Fact Check Desk: Could McCain ‘Fire’ the SEC Chairman?*
At a rally in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, this afternoon, Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., attacked Chris Cox, the chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, saying "the chairman of SEC has betrayed the public trust. And if I were president, I would fire him."
But a Supreme Court ruling would suggest that the president does not have the power to fire the SEC chairman.
Commissioners of the following independent regulatory commissions cannot be removed by the president: the SEC, the Federal Reserve Board, the National Labor Relations Board, the Federal Communications Commission, and the Federal Trade Commission.
Created in the wake of the Crash of 1929, the SEC was conceived by Congress in the Securities Exchange Act of 1933, and came into being in 1934. Its commission is composed of five members, and no more than three can be of the same political party. Commissioners are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate for staggered five-year terms. The president designates one to serve as chair.
Former Rep. Christopher Cox, R-Calif., was nominated by President George W. Bush (to serve as commissioner and chair in 2005 after the resignation of Chairman William Donaldson, who had several "ideological" disagreements with other members of the panel. (Donaldson, also a Bush nominee, has since endorsed Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill.)
The courts have generally upheld the independence of commissioner for executive control. In 1935, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt fired a member of the Federal Trade Commission, an act the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional.
However, a U.S. District Court of Appeals ruling that SEC Commissioners are "subject to removal by the President for cause; its chairman is selected by and serves at the pleasure of the President" makes this as a legal matter somewhat muddier.
SEC experts with whom we’ve spoken say they believe the president still cannot "fire" the SEC chairman without serious "cause" (treason, high crimes) because of the Supreme Court precedent, but the U.S. District Court ruling makes this more of an unresolved legal question. The SEC itself has not weighed in.
That said, presidents in the past have attempted to remove commissioners and chairmen who have proven "uncooperative," and others — including a key adviser to Obama — have attempted to exert political pressure to force the resignations of commissioners of these agencies.
In the wake of the Enron scandal in October 2002, Democratic congressional leaders Sen. Tom Daschle, D-S.D., and House Minority Leader Dick Gephardt, D-Mo., wrote a letter to President Bush and held a press conference, demanding that then-SEC commissioner Harvey Pitt resign.
"The Democratic leaders of the Senate and House urged President Bush in a letter to oust Mr. Pitt," wrote the New York Times.
Within a month, Pitt was gone.
Daschle is a key adviser to Obama.
The McCain campaign called protests that the president cannot literally "fire" an SEC commissioner "a foolish distinction."
"Not only is there historical precedent for SEC chairs to be removed," said McCain campaign spokesman Tucker Bounds, "the president of the United States always reserves the right to request the resignation of an appointee and maintain the customary expectation that it will be delivered.”
So, can a president "fire" an SEC chairman? SEC experts say they don’t think so, not literally, no.
But colloquially, yes.
In the world of politics, pressure can be brought to bear and "resignations" can occur, as Obama’s top adviser Mr. Daschle knows well.
– Jake Tapper and Lisa Chinn
* This post has been updated with the new information about the U.S. District Court ruling.
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Jake, haven’t you learned by now? It doesn’t matter whether McCain can fire the SEC chairman or not. It’s about a soundbite. It’s about righteous anger and indignation, facts be damned!
It’s like his glib answer to the question of evil at the Faith Forum: “Defeat it!” No equivocation. No wishy washy liberal nuance. And we thought Obama was the Messiah! McCain’s role is to defeat evil! Hoo Rah!
The simple fact is McCain will say and do anything to win. Credibility is expendable. Principle is expendable. All that matters is the Oval Office and the tradition it represents.
Posted by: ChrisNBama | September 18, 2008, 3:30 pm 3:30 pm
Sayers compared his success as a member of the Chicago Bears with the Navy’s as a fighting force, using teamwork as the common denominator.
“There’s no way I would have made the Hall of Fame or set any of the records I did by myself,” Sayers said. “No matter how many yards I gained, whether it was three or 300, someone had to be there to make the block. Well, I played football, but you guys are out here giving a lot to make lives and to save lives. You need each other as much as we need you. Please continue to do what you’re doing.”
Fact Check – Sayers was talking about teamwork in the military not liberals in Congress.
Posted by: geevill | September 18, 2008, 3:30 pm 3:30 pm
McCain is a hothead.
He’s the Architect of the Iraq war that got 4,000 of our troops killed and cost us $1.5 trillion. He wrote the policy 3 years before 9/11 that called Iraq a terrorist state even though we now know Saddam hated religious extremists.
He essentially destroyed our relationship with Russia before it was clear who was at fault in the Russian/Georgia conflict. It turns out now that Georgia fired first. He still seems to want to go to war with them.
Now he’s essentially turned against Spain, one of our oldest allies and a member of NATO.
Posted by: johnTX | September 18, 2008, 3:31 pm 3:31 pm
According to NRO in response to McCain calling for Cox’s firing:
Cox loyalist Quin Hillyer hits back: “Did he even know until yesterday that naked shorts weren’t some sort of sheer panty-hose that one of his old girlfriends wore way back when?”
OUCH!
Posted by: Ryan C | September 18, 2008, 3:35 pm 3:35 pm
Clueless McCain once again steps into it.
Posted by: Samantha | September 18, 2008, 3:39 pm 3:39 pm
McCain has lost a lot, but this is the real McCain who has lost credibility, who is no more honorable and no more presidential stuff. What a disaster. Republicans will regret that they have not chosen somebody with a brain like Mit Romney.
Posted by: BKMC | September 18, 2008, 3:43 pm 3:43 pm
McCain should have been done for years ago. The man essentially created the Iraq war.
And I don’t care what conservatives say, wars are not patriotic.
Posted by: johnTX | September 18, 2008, 3:49 pm 3:49 pm
Fire McCain.
McCain and Gramm are the ones who brought about the deregulation nightmare responsible for this mess.
Posted by: Dan | September 18, 2008, 3:52 pm 3:52 pm
But but but but McCain was a POW!!!!!!
McCain can say anything he LIKES!
Posted by: Willem van Oranje | September 18, 2008, 3:53 pm 3:53 pm
Actually Paulson is the one who needs to get axed. That guy is in way over his head and he’s scaring the hell out of everyone. McCain couldn’t even get that one right. He’s imploding worse than Barack a few weeks ago, only this time it’s on a very important issue. Yikes.
Posted by: Woody | September 18, 2008, 3:56 pm 3:56 pm
Well at least McCain has an opinion on things. Obama just keeps jive talking.
Posted by: Steve | September 18, 2008, 4:02 pm 4:02 pm
McCain wasn’t pushing for oversight and enforcement of regulations back when he was involved with the Keating Five scandal . Obama should talk about that every day. A lot of people are not aware of that episode in McCain’s life.But I guess it’s OK because he was a POW !
Posted by: shrubnose | September 18, 2008, 4:02 pm 4:02 pm
Who cares? We get the drift of what he was trying to say.
Posted by: alpaig52 | September 18, 2008, 4:05 pm 4:05 pm
Steve, jiving? Would you say that Obama is a jive turkey?
I don’t eve know what that means actually, I just think 70′s slang is funny. :)
Posted by: johnTX | September 18, 2008, 4:10 pm 4:10 pm
Hey Tapper,
Why don’t you do an post on Obama’s turn to sleaziness by claiming McCain is anti-immigration when he’s anything but.
Posted by: JA | September 18, 2008, 4:11 pm 4:11 pm
Palin just canceled her appearance at two big fundraisers in CA.
I wonder what’s going on.
Posted by: Ryan C | September 18, 2008, 4:14 pm 4:14 pm
JA: “claiming McCain is anti-immigration when he’s anything but”
Rush Limbaugh beat McCain senseless for his ‘amnesty’ plan and McCain caved.
So now he’s in Limbaugh’s anti-immigration tank.
Sorry, but you can’t have it both ways.
Posted by: Willem van Oranje | September 18, 2008, 4:16 pm 4:16 pm
Rep. Wayne Gilchrest, a maverick Republican from Maryland, endorsed Illinois Democratic Sen. Barack Obama for president in an interview Wednesday with WYPR, Baltimore’s National Public Radio station.
Wait, McCain is now the populist now right? Can you be a populist and a maverick at the same time?
Has the word ‘maverick’ just entirely lost its meaning at this point?
I swear, I’m just going to call everyone a maverick. You know George Bush is a maverick right? Oh and Bill Clinton was a maverick and Richard Nixon was a maverick and JFK was a maverick…
Posted by: johnTX | September 18, 2008, 4:16 pm 4:16 pm
Ryan, easy. Republicans hate California. Except when they really need money. But otherwise they really hate California. Well, except when they need a celebrity President. Otherwise, they really hate California, except when they need food. Otherwise, they really hate California.
Posted by: johnTX | September 18, 2008, 4:19 pm 4:19 pm
Ryan C: “Palin just canceled her appearance at two big fundraisers in CA.
I wonder what’s going on.”
Is it moose-hunting-season?
Or maybe there’s another unplanned expansion of her family? Who knows.
Posted by: Willem van Oranje | September 18, 2008, 4:24 pm 4:24 pm
Having political appointees as the head of agencies causes considerable issues. Independence is lost
Congress frequently calls agencies heads to complain that the agency is being unfair to business. The average citizen rarely gets the attention of Congress, but the big money people are on first name relationships.
Posted by: Jim | September 18, 2008, 4:27 pm 4:27 pm
Jake, you got played by the McCain campaign. I’m assuming you got this bit about McCain being “attacked” by the Obama campaign for saying he’d fire the SEC chief from Brian Rogers. Well, if you read Rogers’s statement carefully, you’ll note that he doesn’t say McCain has been attacked by the Obama campaign; rather, he says the Obama campaign is “about to” attack McCain. In other words, as Talking Points Memo points out, the McCain campaign is preemptively attacking Obama for something he hasn’t done.
Posted by: Gretchen | September 18, 2008, 4:32 pm 4:32 pm
I guess if Governor Palin can fire people all willy nilly, surely the POTUS can do so :)
Posted by: MyAudacity | September 18, 2008, 4:36 pm 4:36 pm
I would agree with that except that these are fundraisers for both the national & state party and they will be without the star of the party right now vs say rallies.
With McCain relying heavily on the RNC for funding, I don’t understand why the VP would cancel fundraiser appearances. That’s what VPs are supposed to do, raise cash while the candidate is out campaigning.
Posted by: Ryan C | September 18, 2008, 4:41 pm 4:41 pm
JohnTX wrote: “He’s the Architect of the Iraq war that got 4,000 of our troops killed and cost us $1.5 trillion. He wrote the policy 3 years before 9/11 that called Iraq a terrorist state even though we now know Saddam hated religious extremists.”
First of all, the current Battle of Iraq is a resumption of the 1991 Gulf War. After 12 years of attempting to diplomatically convince Saddam Hussein to comply with the conditions of the 1991 cease fire, President Bush rescinded the cease fire. Read the 2002 Joint Resolution to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq!
Now then, where in the world do you get the notion that terrorists have to be religious extremists? Saddam Hussein gave over $10 million to the families of the Palestinian suicide bombers (up to $25,000 per family).
Finally, actually WE NOW KNOW that between 1999 and 2002, Saddam Hussein trained over 8,000 “radical Islamic terrorists” in several terrorist training camps within Iraq.
Iraq WAS a terrorist state!
Posted by: James Danley | September 18, 2008, 4:57 pm 4:57 pm
Though a president cannot fire any member of the SEC, in the sense of forcing a resignation from the Commission, he does have unquestioned authority to remove the chairman from his chairmanship and designate another existing member of the Commission to serve as the new chairman.
Posted by: Marco | September 18, 2008, 4:58 pm 4:58 pm
I personally would FIRE all of Washington and start over, and that includes Bush!
Posted by: beck | September 18, 2008, 4:59 pm 4:59 pm
Chris Cox was appointed to do exactly what he has been doing, which is NOTHING! Bush, and McCain, were all about de-reg and part of that was gutting the regulatory bodies and neutering the oversight.
Now he’s McCain’s scapegoat, even though he was doing what he was hired for. Pretty disingenuous on McCain’s part.
He’s not bringing up Phil Gramm a lot these days, is he.
Posted by: Pupster | September 18, 2008, 5:11 pm 5:11 pm
So Palin canceled visits to California. The people of California are using our oil and gaoline extrated from our Coast, the Gulf Coast. The people of California are too darn stupid to drill offshore their coast so that they could help our nation a bit from the foreign oil obtained from nations who are hostile to us and to whom we pay $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$. California, wake up and smell the damn oil.
Posted by: Edward Henderson | September 18, 2008, 5:22 pm 5:22 pm
and by the way, California, you cannot even get your house in order. Quit acting like you are the cat’s meow and get your own state’s finances in order. You have no right to criticise anyone when you can’t budget yourselves.
Posted by: Edward Henderson | September 18, 2008, 5:25 pm 5:25 pm
Given all the people she’s managed to fire during her short tenure in public life, maybe Sarah’s “firing” spirit is getting to him. If he is elected and does fire the head of the SEC, I hope he doesn’t follow her example and fill the post with a high school classmate.
Posted by: Brooklyn Democrat | September 18, 2008, 5:49 pm 5:49 pm
From:
Head of State
Thursday, September 18, 2008
ABC News:
Perhaps he could name him President of Spain.
Posted by: emily | September 18, 2008, 5:54 pm 5:54 pm
If I were Palin, the one from the Palin-McCain ticket, I would fire McCain.
If I were McCain I would Palin home before it is too late.
Posted by: kirsten | September 18, 2008, 6:13 pm 6:13 pm
Edward Henderson wrote (with corrections): “The people of California are using our oil and gasoline extracted from our Coast, the Gulf Coast.”
You might want to do your homework. According to the 2006 statistics: 39% of California’s crude oil comes from California; 16% comes from Alaska; and 45% is from out of the country (Saudi Arabia-13%; Ecuador-11%; Iraq-9%; Brazil-3%; Angola-2%; Mexico-2%; and the remaining 5% comes from Columbia, Oman, Venezuela and Argentina).
Sorry not a drop from the Gulf Coast.
Posted by: James Danley | September 18, 2008, 6:14 pm 6:14 pm
McCain is a Republican Senator. As a Republican Senator, he approved Cox for the position because Cox agreed that, under no circumstance should Government regulate the securities industry. Cox did exactly what McCain and the other Republican Senators hired him to do. As a Senator, McCain ought to know that the President can’t fire Cox. But hey, facts don’t matter. Rules don’t matter. Gut feelings matter and the consequences be damned!!! Just what we need in the White House, another stubborn, hot tempered ideologue.
Posted by: thebob.bob | September 18, 2008, 6:24 pm 6:24 pm
Lately McCain seems to be slipping often. If he does this in the debates the story becomes his age.
Posted by: DMR | September 18, 2008, 6:36 pm 6:36 pm
If I were Mr. America community organizer, I´d nominate Reszko, Ayers, Rev. Wright or Barbra Streisand for commissioners. Those would be wonderful appointees.
Posted by: Stephen from Indiana | September 18, 2008, 7:11 pm 7:11 pm
As if. None of McCain’s blustering is going to make a bit of difference to average Americans who can remember how many houses they own – or hope they still own one. All of us would be a lot better shape if John McCain and his friends had not spent the last 20 years deregulating every aspect of our economy and let the free market run itself. I didn’t hear him whining about Wall Street before. If this is what deregulation does to Wall Street, imagine what it will mean when the free market economy has free reign over our health insurance and our lives.
Posted by: mara | September 18, 2008, 7:58 pm 7:58 pm
Steven, I vote for Focus on the Family. In particular, I vote that Sarah Palin focus on her family – which looks like it is in a world of hurt. I’d like to meet ten women who, when they have a 17-year old who is vulnerable and in trouble, and a high-needs kid – women from any background, who would put personal ambition before their families. I don’t know any women like that. For that matter, I don’t know a single man who would have done what Sarah Palin did either. This is family values?
Posted by: mara | September 18, 2008, 8:02 pm 8:02 pm
It’s true that the SEC is an “independent agency,” and that the statute creating the SEC (specifically, Section 4 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) doesn’t expressly state that the president can fire SEC commissioners. But the law on this point is well settled: As the D.C. Circuit reiterated as recently as last month, in Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 537 F.3d 667, 668-69 (D.C. Cir. 2008), “[m]embers of the Commission, in turn, are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate and subject to removal by the President for cause; its chairman is selected by and serves at the pleasure of the President.”
Posted by: Brian in VA | September 18, 2008, 9:01 pm 9:01 pm
“I am fundamentally a deregulator.”
McCain is trying to close the
barn door after the horse has
bolted.
The only thing we want to hear
from this old man is his
concession speech.
Posted by: anon | September 18, 2008, 9:43 pm 9:43 pm
Jake Tapper and Lisa Chinn have NOT DONE THEIR LEGAL HOMEWORK. There is but no question that the president has the power to fire the SEC Chairperson. While SEC Commissioners are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate for a five year term, the Chair is selected by the president under executive regulations. The commissioner who is designated as chairperson serves at the pleasure of the president, and can be removed as chair as the president sees fit. While a removed chair might still be able to hold onto his or her seat as a commissioner, and there is some judicial authority that say the president can fire a commissioner, he or she certainly has no legal claim to the chairperson’s seat once the president has taken him or her out of that position. ABC News and the McCain campaign are woefully uninformed on this matter. Shame on both.
Posted by: Martin W. Schwartz | September 18, 2008, 9:47 pm 9:47 pm
Actually, he could fire him, as was reiterated by the DC Circuit in the recent Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, “[m]embers of the Commission, in turn, are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate and subject to removal by the President for cause; its chairman is selected by and serves at the pleasure of the President.”
Posted by: Phil | September 18, 2008, 9:57 pm 9:57 pm
A quick follow-up – while he could fire Cox, I’d rather he appointed him to a cabinet position because he’s smart, conservative and honest – if a bit unlucky to be here now.
It would be a more apt step in the right direction to have Sens. Dodd, Obama, Pelosi, Reid, et al taken out of the Congress in handcuffs. They are the ones who have plundered the accounts of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Lehman, etc. over the years.
Posted by: Phil | September 18, 2008, 10:01 pm 10:01 pm
Proceeding through a litany
of what he perceives to be
McCain missteps, Obama
mentioned that McCain had
recently “bragged about how,
as chairman of the Commerce
Committee in the Senate, he
had oversight of every part
of the economy. Well, all I
can say to Sen. McCain is
nice job.”
BO on the stump
Posted by: anon | September 18, 2008, 10:07 pm 10:07 pm
I truly don’t think he has a clue
It’s like when Palin keeps talking about putting the federal checkbook online when it has already been done and in fact was the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act that Barack Obama teamed up with a Republican to do.
She needs somes lessons.
Posted by: FromMyView | September 18, 2008, 10:23 pm 10:23 pm
Maybe when Obama grows up he will learn about how the government works.
“The Chairman of the SEC serves as such solely at the pleasure of the President.” Harvey L. Pitt & Karen L. Shapiro, Securities Regulation by Enforcement: A Look Ahead at the Next Decade, 7 Yale J. on Reg. 149, 280 n.557 (1990). Indeed, the Tenth Circuit so held in the Blinder, Robinson case cited above. See 855 F.2d at 681, stating that “as the President has the power to choose the chairman of the SEC from its commissioners to serve an indefinite term, it follows that the chairman serves at the pleasure of the President.”
Hence, when McCain said “The Chairman of the SEC serves at the appointment of the President,” he was right at the very least insofar as Cox’s position as Chairman (as opposed to his position as a commissioner) is concerned.
Posted by: robtr | September 18, 2008, 10:35 pm 10:35 pm
Palin Email Hacker is Son of Democrat Tennessee State Senator Mike Kernell according to the FBI.
David Kernell, a college student has been positively identified as the perp who hacked Sarah Palin’s Yahoo account.
State Rep. Mike Kernell said today that he was aware of Internet rumors about his son being the subject of speculation that he accessed the personal e-mail of vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin.
Asked whether he or his son, a student at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville, had been contacted by authorities investigating the break-in of Palin’s account, he responded:
“Me, no.”
As far as his 20-year-old son, David, he said: “I can’t say. That doesn’t mean he has or hasn’t (been contacted by investigators.”
Kernell, D-Memphis, cited the father-son relationship.
He said he had talked to his son today, but that he talks to his son regularly.
He declined further comment.
Posted by: wired | September 18, 2008, 11:46 pm 11:46 pm
McCain’s illiteracy is not
confined to just computers.
In legal matters also he’s
severely challenged. The
president cannot fire the
chairman of the SEC.
Posted by: anon | September 19, 2008, 9:33 am 9:33 am
The fact checkers at the Annenberg Foundation run Factcheck-conveniently nonpartisan although Obama ran the Annenberg challenge with Bill Ayers- is wrong. Maybe instead of looking to the DNC they should check real legal facts. the SEC Chairman serves and can be removed by the President.
Posted by: Von | September 19, 2008, 9:44 am 9:44 am
The current chairman of the
SEC should be forced out for
gross negligence.
Under his watch he has allowed
unrestricted naked short
selling. He removed the
Uptick Rule in July 2007. The
Uptick Rule had regulated
short selling since the late
1930s until he did away with
it.
Posted by: anon | September 19, 2008, 9:59 am 9:59 am
I agree with the guy who said we ought to fire the whole lot of them, inluding the former chair of the Commerce Committee on whose watch much of this happened.
Posted by: ricky | September 19, 2008, 10:40 am 10:40 am
Perhaps McCain got a little overenthusiastic about firing people due to the presence of the head of the Palin-McCain ticket on the podium.
She’s fired nearly everyone she could whether they needed to be or not.
Posted by: ricky | September 19, 2008, 10:43 am 10:43 am
Susie, John McCain is not only close to Phil Gramm, who was the leader of deregulation, and John McCain VOTED for deregulation, one of his closest economic advisors is John Thain, the chief executive of Merrill Lynch. Merrrill Lynch – as in the firm that is close to the center of this mess. Both candidates have taken money from Wall Street – not just Obama, as your post suggests – and McCain has actually taken more than Obama (John Thain raised $500,000 alone).
Posted by: mara | September 19, 2008, 10:51 am 10:51 am
Fact Check?
“It’s true that the SEC is an “independent agency,” and that the statute creating the SEC (specifically, Section 4 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) doesn’t expressly state that the president can fire SEC commissioners. But the law on this point is well settled: As the D.C. Circuit reiterated as recently as last month, in Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 537 F.3d 667, 668-69 (D.C. Cir. 2008), “[m]embers of the Commission, in turn, are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate and subject to removal by the President for cause; its chairman is selected by and serves at the pleasure of the President.”
The courts have never said that Congress can completely prevent a president from firing officials of an independent agency. At best, Congress can limit the president to firing such officials only “for cause,” and the term “for cause” is generally interpreted pretty broadly.”
Why not leave the term “fact check” for someone who actually can check facts?
Posted by: spectre | September 19, 2008, 2:06 pm 2:06 pm
All the posters who are insisting that the President can fire the SEC chairman are simply cutting and pasting from an article by a conservative attorney on the Weekly Standard’s web site. But that argument begs the question: If the president actually has the power to fire the SEC chairman, why has that never happened even once in the history of the institution?
Posted by: Patrick | September 19, 2008, 11:36 pm 11:36 pm
robtr,
If Bush CAN fire him, why hasn’t he? He clearly did not do what he was hired to do.
This what Bush “commissioned” him to do:
“I’ve given Chris a clear mission: To continue to strengthen public trust in our markets so the American economy can continue to grow and create jobs. The nation is increasingly a nation of stock holders. A generation ago, only a small percentage of American families invested in stocks and bonds. Today, more than half of households are investing — for their families and for their futures. Now more than ever, we must make sure Americans can rely upon the integrity of our markets.”
Posted by: Common Sense | September 20, 2008, 7:28 am 7:28 am