The President’s Speech
CAIRO, EGYPT — On Nightline last night we previewed the President’s speech to the Muslim world, which he just delivered.
The president argued that in order to move forward both sides need to hold a frank discussion about the causes of recent – and not so recent — tensions.
“I have come here to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world; one based upon mutual interest and mutual respect; and one based upon the truth that America and Islam are not exclusive, and need not be in competition,” President Obama said. “Instead, they overlap, and share common principles – principles of justice and progress; tolerance and the dignity of all human beings.”
Mr. Obama spoke to an audience of roughly 3,000 people at the University of Cairo, but his message was aimed at the wider Muslim world. The White House billed this speech as the continuation of a dialogue Obama began at his inauguration and it was to be the centerpiece of the president’s five-day, four-country swing. By traveling to Cairo to address Muslims across the globe, Obama fulfilled a campaign promise to deliver a major address from a Muslim capital early in his administration.
In a marked departure from his campaign days — when he was loath to give conspiracy theorists and political opponents opportunities to exploit his exotic heritage to paint him as “other” or as some sort of Muslim Manchurian candidate — the president quoted from the Quran three times in his speech and sprinkled in Arabic phrases like “assalaamu alaykum,” a Muslim greeting, and “shukrun,” meaning thank you.
He also related his own experiences with Islam. “I am a Christian, but my father came from a Kenyan family that includes generations of Muslims. As a boy, I spent several years in Indonesia and heard the call of the azaan at the break of dawn and the fall of dusk.”
Painting the United States as a nation hospitable to Muslims, the president said that “much has been made of the fact that an African-American with the name Barack Hussein Obama could be elected President,” but said his story is not unique in America.
“The dream of opportunity for all people has not come true for everyone in America, but its promise exists for all who come to our shores – that includes nearly seven million American Muslims in our country today who enjoy incomes and education that are higher than average.”
Embedded within the speech were repeated acknowledgments of the improbability of the task at hand.
“If we choose to be bound by the past, we will never move forward,” the president said while standing in a city founded in 969 A.D. as the home of the fourth and final Arab caliphate.
Saying he recognized that change cannot happen overnight, the president said, “I know there has been a lot of publicity about this speech, but no single speech can eradicate years of mistrust, nor can I answer in the time that I have all the complex questions that brought us to this point.” But he said the speech was the start of honest and open conversation.
“We must say openly the things we hold in our hearts, and that too often are said only behind closed doors,” he said.
Aiming squarely at conspiracy theorists prevalent throughout the region, the president starkly asserted that 9/11 happened and was perpetrated by al Qaeda, and that six million Jews perished in the Holocaust. While the 54-minute speech was interrupted for applause 37 times, neither remark drew even a clap from the Egyptian audience.
Karen Travers and I have much more on the speech HERE.
- jpt
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This is powerful stuff of historical proportions. A great speech in the Egypt with an audience of One Billion Muslins. We need to trust each other, Muslins and Americans that good people of the world want peace not war.
Posted by: The Little Lion Sheik | June 4, 2009, 8:53 am 8:53 am
Strangest part of the speech:
“And I consider it part of my responsibility as President of the United States to fight against negative stereotypes of Islam wherever they appear.”
Hmmm…
Posted by: WhereWasThePress? | June 4, 2009, 8:54 am 8:54 am
Negative stereotypes of Islam? Gee, I wonder why that is? Could it be the actions & words of Muslims in the name of their religion? And this, despite the best efforts of politicians, journalists, & academics to white-wash these same actions & words.
Islam, in its own words – just read the Qurán, read the Hadith, read some of Sharía Law, listen to Imams in the mosques, the various pronouncements of Islamic groups like Hamas, Hezbollah, Al-Qaeda, the speeches of Ahmadinejad.
No one has to invent a negative stereotype of Islam – they do it very well all by themselves.
How many atrocities, suicide-bombings, beheadings, etc. does one have to see?
And how does the Muslim world want to prevent a ”negative stereotype” – by censorship, of course. By not allowing public criticism of Islam, by criminalizing free speech.
Is this what Obama means?
Posted by: Terry | June 4, 2009, 9:15 am 9:15 am
“it part of my responsibility as president of the United States to fight against negative stereotypes of Islam wherever they appear.”
why its part of his job to do this? what about the stereotypes of christians and Jews? he does not care?
Posted by: frieda | June 4, 2009, 9:18 am 9:18 am
Obama says we share common principles & values with the Muslim world. Nothing could be further from the truth.
Does Islam believe in equality for all citizens? Absolutely not.
Does Islam believe in freedom of religion? Absolutely not.
Does Islam believe in freedom of speech? Absolutely not.
So what are these ”values” we share with Islamic ideology?
Posted by: Terry | June 4, 2009, 9:23 am 9:23 am
Quote from his apologetic: “…any world order that elevates one nation over another will fail…”
So, this disgrace has now, by his words, lowered the USA to the same level and made us equal to North Korea, Venezuela, Zimbabwe, Radical Islam, and heck, Hitler’s Germany. We are the bad guys, if we say we are better than them, according to his speech.
What a total disgrace. This creature is not my president and never will be. I voted for the American, not this traitor.
Posted by: JD | June 4, 2009, 9:28 am 9:28 am
Lmao…. so Obama is about to choose his Mosque in DC?….What was he implying in that speech..Americans are infidels?..He may be sorry he is American BUT i definitely am not
Posted by: ACHMED OBAMA | June 4, 2009, 9:30 am 9:30 am
Before too many agenda posters want to jump on the removed from context “stereotypes of Muslims” sentence, please read the whole speech or at least that whole section of the speech:
“And I consider it part of my responsibility as President of the United States to fight against negative stereotypes of Islam wherever they appear. But that same principle must apply to Muslim perceptions of America. Just as Muslims do not fit a crude stereotype, America is not the crude stereotype of a self-interested empire. The United States has been one of the greatest sources of progress that the world has ever known.”
In context, it doesn’t sound radical or anti-American to me.
Posted by: Amy T | June 4, 2009, 9:32 am 9:32 am
Our own Chameleon-in-Chief
Posted by: DontGet818OnMeNow | June 4, 2009, 9:36 am 9:36 am
===This is powerful stuff of historical proportions. ===
The overuse of a word makes it less effective. Five months into his presidency, and I’m pretty sure historical has already been overused.
But, I agree, it was historical. The Muslim world (what exactly is that, anyway?) will rejoice.
Posted by: Sue | June 4, 2009, 9:42 am 9:42 am
Terry, you suggest that people read Muslim primary sources for themselves. I second that suggestion, although we clearly come to very different conclusions about the religion and its people having been exposed to these writings. It should be pointed out that there is no single “hadith,” as your statement seems to imply. Hadiths are teaching of Muhammad, separate from the revelations of the Quran which Muhammad claimed to merely transmit after they were revealed to him by the archangel Gabriel (Jabril). There are numerous collections of hadiths and not all hadiths are recognized as legitimate by all Muslims. To take the simplest example, hadiths passed down through Aisha, Muhammad’s favorite wife (after Khadija) are often not accepted by the Shi’a community because she and Ali, the first leader of the Shiites, were rivals and she led troops into battle against him.
You simply cannot speak of the religion of Islam as monolithic, as you do in your post, any more than you can speak of Christianity, with its endless variety of subgroups (Roman Catholic, Russian Orthodox Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Seventh Day Adventist, Methodist, Episcopalian, Lutheran, Southern Baptist, Nestorian (more properly Assyrian), Coptic, Amish, Church of Christ, the list could go on for pages) as monolithic.
Posted by: moderate | June 4, 2009, 9:43 am 9:43 am
There was a lack of candor about the rights of women in the world he was addressing.
Posted by: MayBee | June 4, 2009, 9:44 am 9:44 am
Terry : ” So what are these ”values” we share with Islamic ideology? ”
–
Worship of leaders !?
Posted by: Hasan Faris | June 4, 2009, 9:45 am 9:45 am
He didn’t apologize for the crusades, because it happened before he was even born.
Posted by: DontGet818OnMeNow | June 4, 2009, 9:47 am 9:47 am
Moderate – I am familiar with the various collections of Hadith. They vary in very minor details, the vast majority accepted as accurate by Islamic scholars of every school of Islamic jurisprudence. As it happens, I am originally from an Arab Muslim country & quite familiar with Islamic law. Your argument is most disingenuous since on all major issues, Islamic scholars agree. Islam is far more monolithic than Christianity, many diferences being one of folk customs & practices. The same Qurán is used throughout the Muslim world. Years ago, you could say that some countries were far less strict about Islamic practice but this had nothing to do with orthodox & accepted ideology, they were just lax in their practice. This is much less the case today, mostly due to Saudi propaganda in the propagation of Wahhabism.
Posted by: Terry | June 4, 2009, 10:02 am 10:02 am
some people listen with open minds encouraging world progress,some people listen with hate looking for a word or phrase to attack.
Posted by: watching | June 4, 2009, 10:08 am 10:08 am
Too late now folks. This man will turn this country into something that will make you not care if you die. When will the naive leftists see what they have done by voting for this man? when, I ask you, when? He is as dangerous as we, who have insight, knew he was right from the beginning. I wonder what the people who lost loved ones on 9/11 are thinking right now.
Posted by: dazey | June 4, 2009, 10:14 am 10:14 am
Regardless what one thinks of his speech, it is telling that the President of the United States can speak freely at the Univ of Cairo and our enemy has to send a tape in by courier, fearing capture.
Posted by: J House | June 4, 2009, 10:19 am 10:19 am
“…any world order that elevates one nation over another will fail…”
Yes, that is the President’s worldview in a nutshell.
If the President is not elected to promote America’s interests first, than what for?
Sometimes it comes at the expense of another nation’s interests.That is reality.
Posted by: J House | June 4, 2009, 10:24 am 10:24 am
Being no fan of Obama, his speech was decent. He touched on some things that were good to have in a speech, much of it however was plattitudes and fluff.
I believe many of the Muslim listeners were looking for substance. Some sources in the past have levied this complaint to him, that his words have no substance, no concrete proclaimation of policy, only nice things to say.
From what can be gathered from the speech, it can be sumed up in a sentence, whats past is past, lets work together on the future. But how? Doing what? What are those shared concerns and what is the proposal? Is there a new policy with Israel and Palestine? What about the policy for Lebenon and Syria? Egypt? Trade with middle east oil partners? Pakistan?
I think muslims were hoping for substance and I think they are going to have to learn patience like the rest of us to figure that out
Posted by: KR | June 4, 2009, 10:29 am 10:29 am
Terry: Your argument is most disingenuous since on all major issues, Islamic scholars agree.
——
Issues like : Inheritance, Divorce/Marriage, and obedience of leaders, you mean ?
Posted by: Hasan Faris | June 4, 2009, 10:31 am 10:31 am
The remarkable thing about that statement is it doesn’t hold up to recent history.We ‘elevated’ democracy over totalitarianism and won against the Soviet Union.
We won over Nazi and Japanese fascism through our military might and our ideals.
Who disagrees that ‘imposing’ our democratic system on W. Germany and Japan didn’t help those nations achieve what they are today-peaceful democracies?
The President is a Globalist, along with Soros, Freidman, etc. and it shows in this speech.
Is it ok for the President to see Iranian style theocracies in the ME? Or those like the Taliban in Afghan?
Posted by: J House | June 4, 2009, 10:36 am 10:36 am
KR: I believe many of the Muslim listeners were looking for substance.
——
I was looking for substance,and I wanted something like this:
First, they need to stop whining about dictators and cruel criminals [Saddam and Taliban] being removed, that is an Insult to Iraqis and Afghanis alike.
Second, they need to become more vocal against religious extremist speeches which somehow parrot the same rhetoric of conspiracy theories secular muslims use.
Third, they need to take care of their own children and countries instead of abandoning them to fight for causes that don’t affect their lives or their countries.
Fourth, abandon the support to Suicide bombers in concept and in reality.
Just to name a few for now.
Posted by: Hasan Faris | June 4, 2009, 10:42 am 10:42 am
We’re fortunate Obama wasn’t President 20 yrs ago…the Communists in Russia and E. Europe might have thought they still had a chance.
Latin America would look quite different today, with Cuban military outposts in most of it.
Things have certainly changed.
Posted by: J House | June 4, 2009, 10:49 am 10:49 am
“If the President is not elected to promote America’s interests first, than what for?”
Good point. I think words like that are just for public consumption. Nothing, no money is appropriated, no material shipped, unless it is supporting national interests in some way thats justified. USAID, foreign military exchange, humanitarian assistance, Mil to Mil training, all have national interests they are serving. They have been around since the 50′s and I don’t even think he can change that. He, like Presidents before him, will choose which countries get the lions share of that foriegn aid, the rest will be on status quo for the duration. Finding out which nations he concentrates on with foreign aid will say a lot about him. Couple of policy things to look for in the future…
China/Taiwan policy. Current policy (which hasn’t changed for years) is the “One China” policy but only through peaceful unification. There is a commitment to the defense of Taiwan from agressive action. Will this change?
Colombia – The current agreement with Colombia that differs from the Clinton administration is that US assistance there can help the Colombian government against the FARQ, a communist revolutionary group. Under Clinton, the US was prohibited from assisting, under Bush that changed to helping the Colombians. Will it revert back? Bad news if it does.
Pakistan – Previous policy was to treat them as a sovereign ally. The Pakistani government is in a touch situation, with its northern lands essentially the wild west. Their military is extremely reluctant to conduct operations inside the country against those northern tribes. Our stance was to pressure, not force. We also would conveniently take the blame for strikes in Pakistan at the protest of the government, which I’m sure they knew about but the government could save face with its population.
BMD – Ballistic Missile Defense has a very real purpose. Even under Clinton, development slowed but continued. NK has the range to reach our western sea board, Iran has the range to reach Israel. Japan, Israel, and Poland all have purchased portions or full BMD systems. They will be very disapointed if the system goes away.
There’s more, but those are the big ones. It will be interesting to see if these change.
Posted by: KR | June 4, 2009, 10:55 am 10:55 am
The President could have said-
“We will no longer recognize Israel as the legitimate govt of Palestine. We will no longer support Israel financially and militarily. We agree that Palestinians should have their land back…now, and use the UN or military force to see that it is done”
That would have been music to their ears.
That is how disconnected the President’s policy is from reality.
Posted by: J House | June 4, 2009, 10:55 am 10:55 am
Just as a CEO doesn’t micro manage but rather issues top down objective, President Obama doesn’t need to get into specifics. Policy fulfillment takes place underneath the surface.
Give us a break critics. Obama had 1 hour to build up his audience’s receptors.
It will take several years. One thing is true, not one of you or anybody else that you can think of could do what he did.
Posted by: JV | June 4, 2009, 11:02 am 11:02 am
“…any world order that elevates one nation over another will fail…”
If one were to substitute ‘nation’ with ‘religion’(i.e.,Islam), it seems that is the ‘world order’ the Wahabbis want to promote.
Posted by: J House | June 4, 2009, 11:06 am 11:06 am
Hasan Faris – Sorry for not replying right away. You are being unrealistic if you expect substance from Obama. This is image over substance. I thought the speech to be a mix of platitudes, half-truths, historical inaccuracies & distortions, & avoidance of anything that might be construed as offensive to Muslims, politically correct smoke & mirrors.
But in my opinion, Islam MUST be confronted. Let me be clear, by the way.
Many Muslims are fine, decent people DESPITE an Islamic brainwashing. But the ideology remains a terrible totalitarian ideology that makes a mockery of any concepts of human & individual rights.
I am very much against the ideology which has nothing in common with any normal, modern conception of human values.
I lived with it most of my adult life. Many of my friends were ex-Muslims who were very fearful of expressing any opinions.
You are absolutely correct in wanting Obama to say something of substance but considering his venue, this would have gone over like a lead balloon. As it ios, even this rather vacuous collection of platitudes will be much criticised in the Muslim world.
Posted by: Terry | June 4, 2009, 11:08 am 11:08 am
” President Obama doesn’t need to get into specifics.”
You don’t need to get into specifics to convey substance. Unlike some star struck westerners, the majority of the world see only empty words, nice plattitudes, and a kumbayah guitar. That’s all great to the utopean believer, but if it doesn’t have a core substance other than “lets talk”, then next speech “lets have dialogue”, then next speech “we can be friends”, then the next speech, “Lets seek common ground”, eventually the audience stops listening because those are meaningless words. He has a captive audience now, a year from now far fewer people will be paying attention if he continues to lay out pretty words with nothing behind them.
And then it will dawn on you… the US is always on both sides of issues. Picking one side, has consequences with the other. Like Israel and Palestine, pressure or helping one, has ramifications with the other, both in politics and security. Then you may realize that is why he cannot say anything of substance. Foreign audiences already know this, Americans however do not. They will lap it up like a kitten over a saucer of milk until they are fat, content, and fall asleep.
It would be a mistake to assume the Mulsim community will do the same.
Posted by: KR | June 4, 2009, 11:12 am 11:12 am
J House: Throw a long time statregic ally like Israel under the bus? To follow your flawed logic, why don’t we just abandon the UK as well since they have not returned Northern Ireland to the Irish Republic?
Posted by: William J. LePetomaine | June 4, 2009, 11:14 am 11:14 am
much of it however was plattitudes and fluff.
Posted by: KR |
————–
If it’s good enough for 53% of American voters….
Posted by: Foghorn Leghorn | June 4, 2009, 11:16 am 11:16 am
“My candle burns at both ends; IT WILL NOT LAST THE NIGHT; But ah, my foes, and oh, my friends It gives a lovely light.
Edna St Vincent Millay
Posted by: Parallax View | June 4, 2009, 11:20 am 11:20 am
Why would Egyptians applaud 9/11 or the Holocaust? Do you seriously expect them to? Do you realize that if they applaud after the president mentions either event, it will seem as if they are lauding the event? You are an idiot trying to make something out of nothing here. Thank God no one clapped either statement.
Posted by: Patrick | June 4, 2009, 11:30 am 11:30 am
===One thing is true, not one of you or anybody else that you can think of could do what he did.===
What did he do?
Posted by: Axey | June 4, 2009, 11:30 am 11:30 am
Will,
I’m not advocating ‘throwing Israel under the bus’.
I meant if the President had said that, hundreds of millions of Muslims would have cheered him.
And that shows how far apart they are with the U.S. and Israel on this issue.
Posted by: J House | June 4, 2009, 12:13 pm 12:13 pm
If it’s good enough for 53% of American voters….posted by Foghorn Leghorn
And by reading different posts 50% regret it.
Posted by: Lizzie | June 4, 2009, 12:29 pm 12:29 pm
It’s funny to see how many here accept the status quo of endless death and war, I guess that’s what’s become the ‘american way’…..
Posted by: {-•-} | June 4, 2009, 1:11 pm 1:11 pm
“It’s funny to see how many here accept the status quo of endless death and war,”
Endless death and war isn’t for us to decide. It’s been part of every diverse culture since man began scribbling on stone. It’s part of human nature. We pride ourselves on the ability to control it, but then to blame the US for others inability to control it is denying reality. Our nation cannot make the decisions of other countries for them. Shia muslims have been fighting Sunni muslims for centuries. Arabs have been fighting Jews for centuries. Serbians have been fighting Kosovo for centuries.
Just because we adopt a stance of continuous peace doesn’t mean they will, or even want to. You highlight the extreme lack of education on foreign history and culture. A serbian speaking in a class for the military, recounted a battle where the residents of Kosovo won a battle and left the dead Serbians on the battlefield, denying Serbian families to bury their dead. They were eaten by birds in a horrific sight. The speaker was in tears in the class and you could tell this touched him deeply and brought rage to his heart.
That battle took place in the 13th century.
You think nice words and plattitudes are going to get them to forget that when its that emotional to them after 700 years? Your in a dream world.
Doesn’t mean you don’t encourage it, and promote it. But snobbish and uneducated comments like yours really only highlight your sheltered life and narrow education, but yet convey some moral superiority and a self percieved high intelligence.
Posted by: KR | June 4, 2009, 2:27 pm 2:27 pm
The U.S. holds no monopoly on endless death and war.. or unending acceptance of such.. once we left the triple canopy, the wars began..
Posted by: DontGet818OnMeNow | June 4, 2009, 2:50 pm 2:50 pm
The only trouble with speeches and treaties is that .. once they are over or signed off on.. everyone goes back to the same conflicts, with the same attitude.
I was a wonk that went to every seminar and training session and convention that my firm would let me attend.. afterwards I would take what I learned and apply it to my job for two or three weeks.. then reality would hit and I would go right back to doing what I always had done .. in the first place.
Posted by: DontGet818OnMeNow | June 4, 2009, 3:10 pm 3:10 pm
“And I consider it part of my responsibility as President of the United States to fight against negative stereotypes of Islam wherever they appear.”
I thought we had separation of church and state? (I know it is not in the Constitution but traced to an 1802 letter by Thomas Jefferson to the Danbury Baptists, but anyway…)
Why would the president of the US consider this part of his responsibilities? It appears to elevate the Islam to a protected religion. Obama does not state he will fight against negative stereotypes of Christians, Jews, Hindus or Wiccans.
Posted by: WhereWasThePress? | June 4, 2009, 3:32 pm 3:32 pm
Of course you can always point to a speech and say, “It was just a speech.”
And after 8 years of scary slogans and feel good statements, I can see why a lot of Obama’s critics would slouch back into the cynicism.
I mean, if my favorite President was GWB and he revealed himself to be somewhat inept and hollow, I would expect that Obama would be more inept and hollow.
What matters is not so much the speech, but what comes next. Part of this will depend on what the President does. But some will depend on what Congress does. What the courts do. And, ultimately, what the American people do.
In a Democracy, the President is a representative of the people. If we want him to “fail” and work hard to see this happen, then maybe our wish will come true.
Posted by: borneo | June 4, 2009, 3:59 pm 3:59 pm
Actually, DontGet…, he sorta did apologize for the Crusades, in a very oblique and odd way. He made a strange statement about the ‘tolerance’ of Islam in Andalusia and Cordoba ‘during the Inquisition.’ This makes no sense as a historical statement. Sure, celebrate the way that three religious cultures lived side by side in Iberia during the medieval period– that’s based on historical fact. But the Spanish Inquisition (the only “the Inquisition” to which he could have been referring) took place much later than that– it began in the later 1400s. By then, the Muslims did not control Cordoba. There is no historical event to which he could have been referring. But by using the term Inquisition, he is contrasting these “tolerant” Muslims with apparently intolerant Catholics. Not nice, and not accurate.
Posted by: moderate | June 4, 2009, 4:01 pm 4:01 pm
moderate and borneo…
good comments… thanks….
Posted by: DontGet818OnMeNow | June 4, 2009, 4:17 pm 4:17 pm
“he sorta did apologize for the Crusades”
Sad thing really if anyone had any knowledge of history. First, crusades is an 18th century word, created to describe it. Jihad is word created long before the Crusades.
Also the Roman Empire converted to Christianity under the orders of Emperor Constatine on his death bed around 200 AD. Mohammad made his appearence around 600 AD. By 900 AD, almost half of the Roman Christian empire had been invaded/converted to Islam before the very first Pilgrammage (Crusade) was commissioned by Pope Urban II.
Pilgrammages were also not a war to wipe Islam off the map. Populations conquered by Islamic armys (or insurgencies) were enslaving Christians who would not convert. The first Pilgrimmage was sent to free Christian slaves and provide safe passage to the Holy Land, thus the word Pilgrammage. If it was about Christiandom vs. Islam, they wouldnt have stopped in Israel when all of North Africa was Islamic as well as Spain.
But hey, who needs to read history when your source of education is Hollywood.
Posted by: KR | June 4, 2009, 4:22 pm 4:22 pm
“It’s funny to see how many here accept the status quo of endless death and war,”
—————–
KR:”Doesn’t mean you don’t encourage it, and promote it. But snobbish and uneducated comments like yours really only highlight your sheltered life and narrow education, but yet convey some moral superiority and a self percieved high intelligence.”
—————–
Why get so indignant KR? Regardless of education it just seems like common sense. You for example post continually about how this conflict has been going on for centuries as if there is no hope for a change. If that is not so then please explain what else we’re supposed to do to try and bring about peace. If you say there is no way, then you are resigning us to endless war.
Posted by: Skip | June 4, 2009, 4:32 pm 4:32 pm
Terry, perhaps you and I are talking past one another. I am sure you have more knowledge of hadith than most, since you are from an Arab Muslim country. I am speaking in historical terms, and confess that I am not completely up to date on current sharia practices in all parts of the modern Islamic world. But it has always been my understanding, for example, that the Shia, who follow the Jafari school of Islamic jurisprudence by and large, do not accept hadith statements that do not trace their origins through members of the Prophet’s biological family. For those with less familiarity with hadith than Terry and I possess, hadith were not collected and written down until many years after the death of Muhammad. To make sure that the ideas and actions attributed to the Prophet were legitimate, hadith include a “chain of transmission,” known as isnad. The isnad portion of a hadith basically says, “so-and-so told me this story, which he was told by so-and-so, who heard it from so-and-so, who was a witness when Abu Bakr, companion of the Prophet, reported that he himself was present when Muhammad said it.” The isnad always traces the hadith material back to a companion of the prophet as a witness to its authenticity.
I do not think that all the Islamic schools of jurisprudence accept the same hadiths as authentic– the Hanafi and Malaki schools would accept some hadith that the Jafari would not, for example. Is that no longer true? I would bow to your superior knowledge that perhaps contemporary Sunni legal traditions use all the same hadith texts, although I doubt it, but surely the Sunni/Shi’a divergence is still in place? Feel free to enlighten me if I am wrong.
Posted by: moderate | June 4, 2009, 4:40 pm 4:40 pm
“You for example post continually about how this conflict has been going on for centuries as if there is no hope for a change. If that is not so then please explain what else we’re supposed to do to try and bring about peace. If you say there is no way, then you are resigning us to endless war.”
Because realizing the deep and ancient conflict between the parties is key to trying to end it. Think about it, we have a different leader every 4 to 8 years come in with lofty goals of peace (no matter the party) and we come accross as arrogant and uneducated on their history.
But I have issue that we, the US, an outside party, somehow have the influence to create peace. If your a parent, and your two boys begin to fight and it turns physical, you as a parent would get inbetween them and force them to separate yes? Now same scenario, you stand 10 feet away and yell hey stop that, but they keep on fighting. You did nothing.
So what I have issue with is the premise that talking will induce peace. It will not. The only way to peace in that region is through the parties of that region, not us. We could and should encourage it, but to put blind faith in dialogue is really only blindness.
So if you want to get between them in that fight, you better be ready to throw a few punches and take a few punches because that is the only thing that will have the impact you seek. But whats our right to do that? There is none.
So we come to the harsh conclusion, peace is not always achievable. And if you truely do want to achieve peace there, I seriously doubt we as an outside nation would have the willingness or acceptability to force peace.
There are times when there are no soltions, or the solution has too much risk to engage in it.
3,000 years of their history shows this clearly.
Posted by: KR | June 4, 2009, 4:44 pm 4:44 pm
BTW, to Terry and any other commentors who have knowledge of current practices of Muslims in America, I would like to clear up my confusion on a point made by the president in his speech. What do you make of the president’s reference to American Muslims having difficulty practicing zakat? Any charitable contributions count toward your zakat obligation, don’t they? I know zakat (charity) is one of the Pillars of Islam and thus a serious obligation on Muslims. I know that in some Muslim lands throughout history, as in the caliphates, zakat was actually collected by the government as a “tax.” Does charity only count as zakat if it is directed toward other members of the umma? Or is a contribution to, say, the United Way or a local soup kitchen considered zakat? The only way I can understand what the president was saying was if zakat must be directed toward fellow Muslims and he was referencing the restrictions on some Muslim charities accused of funneling funds to terrorist organizations (like the charities that used to funnel funds from Irish Americans to the IRA back in the day).
Posted by: moderate | June 4, 2009, 4:50 pm 4:50 pm
KR, you are close to right, but a couple of small corrections, if I may:
The Roman Empire did not become Christian at the time of Constantine. Yes, Constantine was the first emperor to convert to Christianity and he did issue the Edict of Milan, ushering in tolerance of Christianity throughout the empire. And yes, he was not baptised and thus officially become Christian, most evidence indicates, until he was on his deathbed– postponement of baptism until the end of life was a common practice in his time, so that you could not have time to commit fresh sins post-baptism.
But no, that was not when the Roman Empire “converted” to Christianity– that didn’t happen until 380. It was Theodosius, the last emperor of an undivided Roman empire, who decreed Christianity the “official,” and thus only acceptable, religion of the state. He extinguished the flame of the Vestal Virgins and removed the Altar of Victory from the Roman Senate (both important in Roman pagan religion).
Now on to the Crusades– I think you make an excellent point that the Crusades were not a movement to destroy Islam. And yes, the term Crusade was not used in the beginning– as you say, sort of, and they were indeed armed pilgrimages (note spelling). Pilgrimage had a long and honored history in Christianity (and in Islam– the Hajj). Muslim control of Jerusalem and the “holy lands” was limiting Christian access to holy sites when Urban II called upon European Christians to travel to the Middle East to aid the Christians there.
And as you are no doubt aware, there was a movement to take the Iberian peninsula back from the Muslims there– the reconquista– which took place, off and on, from the late 700s (when the Muslims conquered the Visigoths) until 1492. The reconquista was subsumed under the Crusader movement in later years.
Thanks for reminding people that we need to study history. Hope you don’t mind a few minor quibbles with your statements.
Posted by: moderate | June 4, 2009, 6:04 pm 6:04 pm
“Thanks for reminding people that we need to study history. Hope you don’t mind a few minor quibbles with your statements.”
No no I love it actually. I mentioned Constantine because he is seen as the usher of Roman conversion. And my spelling can be horrible when I get in a hurry. I do lots of double letters where they aren’t supposed to be. Definately a flaw of mine. My mind is about 4 words ahead of where i type and I end up not paying attention.
Posted by: KR | June 4, 2009, 6:32 pm 6:32 pm
“And as you are no doubt aware, there was a movement to take the Iberian peninsula back from the Muslims there– the reconquista– which took place, off and on, from the late 700s (when the Muslims conquered the Visigoths) until 1492.”
I’ll have to admit that I only went into detail post 900 AD, that being the time stamp of the “official” crusades. I read a little about the beginnings of Islamic conquerings under Mohammad but soon jumped to Urban II. The next area of focus I went to was the history of Spain and how this supposedly aggressive Christiandom left Spain to fend for itself against Islamic occupation for years. Interesting reading. Then to see silly movies like Kingdom of Heaven and think that some poor saps out there were taking that as history.
Posted by: KR | June 4, 2009, 6:37 pm 6:37 pm
Once again, the President and the press have chosen to ignore the non-violent resistance campaign being waged by the Palestinian people, focusing instead on the meager (compared to Israel) violence perpetrated by Palestinians.
First off, nobody has any right to tell an occupied people what tactics they can choose.
Secondly, when you only focus on the violence, you reward those who perpetrate it. If the daily non-violent protests got a tenth of the press that the infrequent violence did, there wouldn’t be percentage in violent struggle.
Thanks to the press, violence is much more effective than non-violence.
Posted by: Flash Override | June 4, 2009, 7:54 pm 7:54 pm
Check out the seal on the lectern when Obama gave his speech in Cairo. It doesn’t have the outer circle which says “Seal of the President of the United States”, just the eagle picture in the middle, surrounded by a circle of stars. Is that significant??
Posted by: Kevin | June 4, 2009, 8:11 pm 8:11 pm
From Barack Hussein Obama’s speech in Cairo today, June 4, 2009: “The dream of opportunity for all people has not come true for everyone in America, BUT ITS PROMISE EXISTS FOR ALL WHO COME TO OUR SHORES – that includes nearly seven million American Muslims in our country today who enjoy incomes and education that are higher than average.” ****** ODD PHRASING OF WORDS.
Posted by: d | June 4, 2009, 9:38 pm 9:38 pm
KR, my fingers get ahead of my brain, too. It’s good that you are always learning and expanding your understanding. Now we need to work on the president– who today claimed in his speech to be “a student of history.” And yet he did not see what was wrong in claiming that “in ancient times and in our times” the Muslim communities did something or other, which of course is impossible because there WERE no Muslim communities in ancient times. Islam is a relatively young religion– Muhammad’s first encounter with Gabriel (Jabril) came in 610. Islam began in the medieval era. Yes, I know I’m picking nits, but when the WH brags incessantly about the care that went into that speech and the attention to detail Obama lavished on it, the nits stand out.
Posted by: moderate | June 4, 2009, 11:26 pm 11:26 pm
d,
What part of what he said was odd to you?
Posted by: tanarg | June 5, 2009, 1:07 am 1:07 am
I wonder what the people who lost loved ones on 9/11 are thinking right now.
Posted by: dazey
they are probably thinking,… how could Bush & Cheney let 9/11 happen……
Posted by: TJ | June 5, 2009, 1:56 am 1:56 am
Moderate… well, since you are picking nits, I thought I would help you out.
“there WERE no Muslim communities in ancient times.”
By your assertions, if Islam existed by 630AD, that’s about 1400 years ago. I’d say that’s pretty ancient. More technically, 630 is not quite in the medieval times and is, rather, part of the later period of the ancient times (marked by classical civilizations such as in the Far East — Japan and China and in Africa — Egypt and Axum). In fact, Prophet Muhammad sent his followers to the Axumite Empire (which is very much part of the ancient times) to be received by Negus Armah. Moreover, again by your assertion, I don’t know if Christian communities cannot be said to have existed in ancient times as there is only about a 300 year difference between Christianity and Islam, if the compilation of indoctrinated principles is what defines the beginning of a religion (since the Christian equivalent of the Qur’an, the Bible, was formally assembled in 325). But then of course Christians (of which I am one) would hardly ignore the time before the compilation of the Bible as a period when they didn’t exist. Although Jesus, like most of the other biblical figures, was a Jew, Christians do trace their origin back to Adam and Eve and later Abraham. By the same standard, Islam traces its origin back to Abraham and Ishmael.
About that “Muslim communities did something or other” thing, well… As a student of history, he was probably talking about how Muslims created Algebra (Al Jabar), Arithmetic, Trigonometry… much contribution to medicine, including psychotherapy, plus the system of medical education used today everywhere around the world. The list is truly endless. So, the next time a store keeper counts and gives you the right amount of change or when a well-educated doctor gives you good treatment, I suggest you murmur a word of thanks to ancient Muslim communities rather than dismissing the “something or other” that they did.
Posted by: Question | June 5, 2009, 3:44 am 3:44 am
Question, thanks for the response. Let me address your second point first– when I referred to “muslim communities doing something-or-other” I was not intending to denigrate the achievements of the Muslims, some of which the president outlined in his speech. I was simply using shorthand rather than continuing the quote, because I was focused on the “ancient” in the quote, not the rest of the sentence. Sorry for the sloppiness of my writing, because I did not want to imply I had anything but appreciation of the accomplishments of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates.
You could also have mentioned that major innovations in banking where developed in Baghdad during the caliphate. And not only was medical education extremely advanced in Muslim areas in the medieval and early modern period, but they “invented” the modern notion of a hospital, or bimaristan. (Of course, “Arabic” numerals and the use of positional notation and the zero were borrowed by the Muslims from India, but the system was spread from its origins by the vast empire.)
Oops, this is getting long and I’m trying to keep my comments shorter than in the past. So I’ll stop here and respond to your other point, about the use of the term ancient, in a separate comment. Again, I’m sorry my hasty comment left the impression I was not willing to give credit to the Muslim innovators for their many laudable accomplishments.
Posted by: moderate | June 5, 2009, 9:38 am 9:38 am
“Islam traces its origin back to Abraham and Ishmael.”
Have to correct you, the Arabs trace their origin back to Abraham, not Islam. The origin of the religion Islam is with Mohammad. Prior to that, Arabs worshiped pegan gods, and described by Mohammad himself in destroying all but one of the pegan gods in Mecca.
As for the origin of Christianity, it would have to be said that it started Christ and the 12 apostles. Christians were hunted and killed by the Romans for 300 years so one would have to admit that Christianity existed prior to Constantine. It didn’t become a “state” religion until later years, as pointed out by moderate.
“As a student of history, he was probably talking about how Muslims created Algebra (Al Jabar), Arithmetic, Trigonometry… much contribution to medicine”
Of course Arab cultures, Asian cultures, European cultures, African cultures, all contributed to societies today. Anyone can easily pick out one culture and list off their contributions, but that is mostly a narrow perspective. No one would deny the contributions of arabs post Mohammad, but one also wouldn’t discount the contributions of ancient greeks to civics while worshipping pegan gods, or Romes contribution of rule of law and the foundation of modern society. As you say, the list can go on and on, but to what purpose?
Posted by: KR | June 5, 2009, 9:38 am 9:38 am
Now, Question, to address your response to my comment about the use of “ancient” in reference to the Muslims. I would respectfully but forcefully disagree with you on this point. It is a matter of periodization, and I make simply taking issue with language, not implying any inferiority or superiority of various religions or cultures.
Let me respond to your specific points. First you write, “By your assertions, if Islam existed by 630AD, that’s about 1400 years ago. I’d say that’s pretty ancient.” No, that’s precisely my point. It was a long time ago, but everything a long time ago is not actually ancient. If the president were speaking colloquially at that point, as in, “We can’t keep refighting the Vietnam War– that’s ancient history,” I would agree with you that he used the term properly. But that was not the way he was using the term.
Then you write, “More technically, 630 is not quite in the medieval times and is, rather, part of the later period of the ancient times (marked by classical civilizations such as in the Far East — Japan and China and in Africa — Egypt and Axum).”
See, that’s my point. Historians divide the past into large chronological chunks and label those chunks. Now, some people argue about the utility of the labels and point out that history does not unfold in neat thousand-year periods. But we do not confuse events and people from, say, the early modern period with events and people from the classical era.
Now most people only think of history as divided into three large periods– ancient, medieval, modern. That seems to be the periodization scheme you are using, Question. Even by that standard, Islam begins in the medieval period. Using the tripartite division, ancient would constitute history from the development of civilization until roughly 500 A.D. But most historians actually divide history into smaller chunks, and distinguish “ancient”– from the beginnings of civilization to roughly 500 B.C. (or bce, for you younger crowd)– from “classical”— beginning roughly 500 b.c. and ending roughly 500 a.d. (or c.e.). That is the periodization that I use and that tons of world history textbooks use.
“In fact, Prophet Muhammad sent his followers to the Axumite Empire (which is very much part of the ancient times) to be received by Negus Armah.” Not sure I understand why you want to label the Axumites, who flourished from 100 to 800 AD, as “ancient.” Yes, their civilization began in the classical period and continued into the medieval period. So? Egypt still exists but I do not think that modern Egyptian culture could be labelled “ancient.”
No, I do not think Christianity existed in “ancient” times. Using the periodization I support, Christianity was born in the classical era. But if you prefer the tripartite division,then of course it began in the ancient rather than medieval period. I’m not sure I can follow your argument about relative ages of the two religions based on when their scriptures were canonized. Yes, both scriptures were written down in their final form years after they were originally circulated. No argument there.
Yes, there is the issue of religious people feeling they trace their lineage back past the starting point of their religion– christians and muslims both trace themselves back to abraham, of course, just like the jewish people do. But just as most christians do not argue that Moses was a christian, muslims do not argue that he was a muslim. A prophet, yes, but not a Muslim, because he lived prior to the revelation of the Quran (and for Christians, prior to the Incarnation). In fact, some Muslim scholars generally divide history into only two periods– before Islam (jihilya) and with Islam.
Regardless, 610 (the first Quran revelation) and 632 (death of Muhammad) are dates in the medieval era. And that is no big deal. I certainly don’t mean to denigrate Islam by labelling it a religion of medieval origin– the middle ages is the most dynamic and interesting period in human history, in my opinion. I always bristle when someone uses “medieval” in a pejorative sense. (And don’t get me started on “dark ages”– argh)
Thanks for making me revisit my previous statements. Yes, I’m still comfortable with them. I’m enjoying the exchange (but know from past experience we’ll get complaints from other commentators. *G*)
Posted by: moderate | June 5, 2009, 10:38 am 10:38 am
KR: Have to correct you, the Arabs trace their origin back to Abraham, not Islam.
—-
Actually, that is inaccurate, in the Quran, it mentions Abaraham speaking to god : I turn my face towards the creator of heavens and earth as a muslim and not as an idol worshipper”
rough translation, but it literally uses the word muslim.
Posted by: Hasan Faris | June 5, 2009, 4:11 pm 4:11 pm
Hasan, Islamic scholars consider all of the prophets as muslims (those who submit) because they all worshiped the one true God. They revere Abraham (Ibrahim) as the first monotheist, worshiping the deity they refer to as Allah. That does not mean they consider him the first Muslim with a capital M, because that only began with the revelation of the Quran to Muhammad. Ibrahim lived during the Jihilya.
BTW, Hasan, could you help explain the president’s reference to zakat? I asked in an earlier comment but it was long and I think folks are overlooking the question. I really do not know about what “counts” as legitimate zakat and what does not. I would appreciate any guidance from practicing Muslims or those who have knowledge of the practice.
Posted by: moderate | June 5, 2009, 5:53 pm 5:53 pm
BTW, Hasan, could you help explain the president’s reference to zakat? I asked in an earlier comment but it was long and I think folks are overlooking the question. I really do not know about what “counts” as legitimate zakat and what does not. I would appreciate any guidance from practicing Muslims or those who have knowledge of the practice.
——————————
Hi,
I will certainly try to help, but please consider this a rough knowledge and nothing more.
To my knowledge from Shia scholars, zakat is given to muslims only, they have several categories as to who deserve it, to my knowledge the categories include:
1- the poor and the needy
2- Those in debt who are unable to pay their debts
3-People close to becoming muslims or helpful to spreading the faith [though I am not sure as to whom this category covers]
4-Public benefits that muslims can use: includes hospitals, schools, mosques, roads, shelters for the poor, and few other things that helps spread the word
5-overseers : basically muslim rulers of where the muslim lives
6-any muslim traveler who is need
7-Money spent on freeing slaves.
———-
As you can see, few of these things can be done on individual basis without centralized distribution authority.
Hope this helps, if you still have questions, I can try to answer them :)
Posted by: Hasan Faris | June 5, 2009, 6:56 pm 6:56 pm
Hasan, thank you very much! I assumed the charitable giving needed to be targeted, but did not want to jump to conclusions. Now I understand.
Posted by: moderate | June 5, 2009, 9:39 pm 9:39 pm
I am reading the comments late. Moderate, I will read your comment in a minute and, I am sure, find things to learn from it. I absolutely love respectful discussions. Thanks!
KR, I believe I wrote “Ishmael”, not “Islam”. Ishmael is one of Abraham’s sons.
Posted by: Question | June 6, 2009, 2:47 am 2:47 am
Page doesn’t seem to load in Opera, am I doing something wrong?
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