Dec 8, 2008 6:05pm

Leap Second

…and you only thought this year was dragging on forever?  Turns out it really is, by a little bit. The U.S. Naval Observatory has let it be known that one extra second will be added to 2008, right at the end — 23:59:59 UTC on December 31, which is 6:59:59 p.m. EST. Why go to the trouble?  Because today’s atomic clocks, for all their precision, can’t otherwise account for the fact that the Earth’s rotation is very, very gradually slowing, largely caused by the Moon’s gravity and the tides it creates.  It’s less precise than the precise-minded would like.  By international agreement, leap seconds have been added since 1972, at intervals varying from six months to seven years.  The last came on Dec. 31, 2005. The last day of the year will be twenty-four hours and one second long.  What will we all do with the extra time?

User Comments

Blame it on Congress.

Posted by: DS | December 8, 2008, 6:31 pm 6:31 pm

You mean the Bush Years just got LONGER?

Posted by: FH | December 8, 2008, 6:54 pm 6:54 pm

The effects are minimal for many years to come and most of us use time by the clock which is disconnected from the Sun by several minutes to more than an hour anyway,depending on the time of year and our time zone. We should make things that little bit easier and stop adding these pesky Leap Seconds.

Posted by: Alexander Selkirk | December 8, 2008, 6:55 pm 6:55 pm

ROTFL

Posted by: warrottjr | December 8, 2008, 6:56 pm 6:56 pm

Spend it recovering from the election.

Posted by: Jill Nikolaides | December 8, 2008, 6:58 pm 6:58 pm

FH, LOL!!
(What an astoundingly beautiful little planet we live on!)

Posted by: Jill Nikolaides | December 8, 2008, 6:59 pm 6:59 pm

The effects are not minimal, and getting rid of leap seconds does not remove all the issues from operational systems.

Posted by: Steve Allen | December 8, 2008, 7:20 pm 7:20 pm

Does this mean Bush is president for 1 more second than we thought?

Posted by: LongT | December 8, 2008, 7:55 pm 7:55 pm

That’s right, better make the most of it.

Posted by: Dog | December 8, 2008, 8:34 pm 8:34 pm

Steve, it’s clear that leap seconds are not de minimus in terms of today’s operating systems. But it’s hard to imagine that if our conception of the OS doesn’t make a quantum leap to accommodate the problem before mass chaos ensues, by then we’ll likely be living in caves without clocks -or- computers….

Posted by: Jill Nikolaides | December 8, 2008, 8:38 pm 8:38 pm

yeah …here they come again “scientist” they always want to alter the planet. whats up with the extra second? probly they’re bored, and wanna be in the news. I HATE SCIENCE…I need to talk with S.Palin about this crap maybe me and her could use the extra second go moose hunting with N.sarkozy.

Posted by: chinchilla | December 8, 2008, 8:47 pm 8:47 pm

To Chinchilla: Remember that you hate science everytime your alarm clock wakes you up on time so that you can get in your SUV and drive to the DR. office for medications and treatments, only to drive to work and surf the internet. When you get home at night you may be tempted to turn on your plasma TV with Blu Ray disk player, only before using your sonicare toothbrush right before bed. Science is everywhere and we all use it and love it. Take all the pleasures and conveniences out of your life that are a direct result of scientists and engineers and tell me how your life changes.

Posted by: jb_blogger7 | December 9, 2008, 8:28 am 8:28 am

You could go even furthur JB, if it wasn’t for science, none of the world we live in today would exist. Nothing would exist.
I’m curious Ned, at what rate is the rotation of the Earth slowing? And at what point will the Earth show only one face toward the Sun? I know there’s a word for it, but dang it, I can’t remember it.

Posted by: Lawrence | December 9, 2008, 8:43 am 8:43 am

Psst, guys…I think chinchilla’s last sentence (complete with reference to the prank phone call Palin took) gives the entire post away as broad parody. ;-)

Posted by: Jill Nikolaides | December 9, 2008, 9:38 am 9:38 am

good. my watch is 1 second fast right now and i couldn’t figure out how to reset it

Posted by: jamie | December 9, 2008, 12:08 pm 12:08 pm

Jamie, the easiest way to reset a watch is as follows:
1. Get Beer.
2. Get Hammer.
3. Drink Beer.
4. Bash watch with hammer.
5. Drink beer.
6. Wait untill tomorrow to drive, don’t want a DUI
7. Drive to Wallmart.
8. Buy more Beer.
9. Buy Watch.
10. Repeat as necissary.
That should do it for you.

Posted by: Lawrence | December 9, 2008, 1:08 pm 1:08 pm

Has anyone checked to see if this has anything to do with global warming? Maybe my pickup caused this too.

Posted by: Oonogil | December 9, 2008, 2:00 pm 2:00 pm

When will enviros and their minions in Congress come out with a tax plan to stunt economic growth in order to place the earth on a diet so it rotates faster? Sorry enviros, like climate, the weather and adorable little species, the earth takes care of its own with little or no input from us. Get used to it.

Posted by: stop2think | December 9, 2008, 2:14 pm 2:14 pm

Stop2think? This has nothing to do with whether the earth will be all right. The concern is the effect on computer operating systems and therefore on the technology you use every day. That includes the computer you’re using right now.

Posted by: Jill Nikolaides | December 9, 2008, 7:55 pm 7:55 pm

I’m sure all the space missions would like to have an accurate measurement of time for little things like orbital insertion around a distant celestial object. Unlike Agent 86, it wouldn’t be so funny to have to say, “Missed it by *that* much.”

Posted by: andyr | December 10, 2008, 8:05 am 8:05 am

That’s an interesting point Andy. You know, with this, its not a problem so I don’t know what to call it, phenomenom sounds good, slowing of the Earth’s rotation period, you’d think the scientists would have come up with some sort of update to the clock. But there could be some other factors that we here don’t know about that could be limiting this. Only time will tell.

Posted by: Lawrence | December 10, 2008, 8:40 am 8:40 am

Lawrence-
The phrase for which you’re looking is “tidal lock.” That’s a long way off.
Currently the rate slowing is at about two milliseconds per day per century. That’s based on the definition of the length of the year as defined in 1900, so currently we add (on average) 0.7 seconds a year.

Posted by: Tom | December 10, 2008, 8:48 am 8:48 am

Dear Lawrence and Tom,
While “tidal lock” is the right name for the phenomenon, most part of this effect is provided by the Moon, not by the Sun. Being far less heavy, the Moon is much closer. So the immediate (immediate – at the time scale of billions of years) consequence of the tides is that some day the Earth will show the same face to the Moon. Taken that the Moon is already showing us the same side, this will be a perfect tidal lock, the celebrated 1:1 spin-orbit resonance (the kind of pas de deux wherein Pluto and its satellite Charon are moving).
Amasingly, this kind of motion was predicted (by qualitative arguments, with no fancy maths) back in 1754 by Immanuel Kant. In his short work “Untersuchung der Frage, ob die Erde in
ihrer Umdrehung um die Achse, wodurch sie die Abwechselung des Tages und der Nacht hervorbringt, einige Ver{\”a}nderung seit den ersten Zeiten ihres Ursprungs erlitten habe und woraus man sich ihrer versichern k{\”o}nne, welche von der K{\”o}nigl.,” known among the historians also as the “Spin-Cycle essay,” Kant stated that the Moon not only pulls the Earth, but also exerts a retarding torque upon its surface; this torque slows down the Earth’s rotation and lets go only when terrestrial days become as long as lunar months.

Posted by: Michael Efroimsky | December 10, 2008, 9:30 am 9:30 am

Thanks Tom, I was watching “The Universe” on History last night and it pointed out that phrase. I knew it, just couldn’t remember it enough to write it. So, lets get on with the math! Ok, so my math sucks. But I looked around on the internet and found that the Earth becoming tidally locked with the moon would occure in about 15 billion years. I’m not sure if that number is correct. It seems off to me. I’ll have to actually do the math to figure that out.

Posted by: Lawrence | December 10, 2008, 10:04 am 10:04 am

Dear Lawrence,
If you try to do the math, please be mindful that several billion years down the road the oceans will boil out. After that, tidal locking will be maintained only by the bodily tides, a circumstance that will slow down the rate of the Earth’s approach to the perfect lock.

Posted by: Michael Efroimsky | December 10, 2008, 10:12 am 10:12 am

Well Michael, when the oceans boil out, I have a feeling we won’t be here anymore, and the Earth would be on it’s way out too. It would be nice to see the end of the world. What a way to go.

Posted by: Lawrence | December 10, 2008, 10:57 am 10:57 am

Also be mindful of the math if you do the extrapolation in the other direction. The rate at which angular momentum can be transferred to the moon depends on the continent/ocean configuration, so this number is only valid for geologically recent times.

Posted by: Tom | December 10, 2008, 11:10 am 11:10 am

I should also point out that the original claim that only seven leap seconds have been added since 1972 is incorrect.
The original offset between TAI and UTC was 10 seconds in 1972, and it will be 34 seconds after this one is added

Posted by: Tom | December 10, 2008, 11:22 am 11:22 am

Not sure where the incorrect “seven leap seconds” informationc ame from but it wasn’t from the USNO press release which clearly states that 24 leap seconds have been inserted since 1972

Posted by: AndyUSNO | December 10, 2008, 12:23 pm 12:23 pm

ohhhhh I wondered why the years going by so slowly.

Posted by: Gaulia | December 10, 2008, 12:35 pm 12:35 pm

No. The Bush years just SEEM longer.

Posted by: rakko | December 10, 2008, 3:22 pm 3:22 pm

Note from Ned Potter–
My mistake on the number of leap seconds since 1972. I’ve removed it from the original post. Thanks for the catch.

Posted by: Ned Potter | December 10, 2008, 7:38 pm 7:38 pm

Those pesky wind farms must be propelling the earth in the wrong direction. :)

Posted by: BT | December 10, 2008, 11:30 pm 11:30 pm

do you guys really think there will be an end to Earth?
just look at how many billions of years its been here for…

Posted by: Laura | December 15, 2008, 10:15 am 10:15 am

I wonder how much closer will the moon get and how much it would affect the earth’s tide…
but this is an interesting fact indeed.

Posted by: Eeesma Time | December 15, 2008, 3:32 pm 3:32 pm

The moon will never get any closer. It’s moving AWAY from the earth by several millimeters a year.

Posted by: Jack | December 17, 2008, 9:42 am 9:42 am

So tidal lock will never happen. The earth will be consumed by the Sun in it’s(the Sun’s) death throws long before 15 billion years. As the moon is moving further away as well, the rate of deceleration will also decrease.

Posted by: Dave | December 19, 2008, 4:16 pm 4:16 pm

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