Dec 22, 2009 1:53pm

A Venomous Dinosaur

Sinornithosaurus millenii was probably no bigger than a turkey, a winged dinosaur that lived about 125 million years ago in what is now northeastern China.

What makes it striking is that it probably had venom in its bite.  A team from the University of Kansas, writing in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, examined its skull and reports that it had grooves in its teeth, the way some modern snakes do.  (It's "vg" in the skull diagram below if you click on it to enlarge.) Though there is no flesh in the fossil remains, it appears there was a space in the upper jaw ("sff" in the diagram) that could have contained a venom pouch.

A venomous dinosaur, eh?  This is the first published evidence of one.  Preschoolers grow up thinking of dinosaurs as giant lizards, and paleontologists have been saying for a generation that they were probably evolutionary cousins of modern birds.  But the two together?  It so happens "Sinornithosaurus," the name for this one, means "Chinese bird-lizard."

So how did it operate? The authors say it probably lived in forests, feeding on the many birds of the Early Cretaceous period.  Like modern rear-fanged snakes, the researchers say it probably used the venom to stun rather than kill.

“You wouldn’t have seen it coming,” said David Burnham, one of the co-authors of the paper. “This guy has feathers all the way down to its feet.  It would have been at home in the trees.  It would have swooped down behind you from a low-hanging tree branch and attacked from the back. It wanted to get its jaws around you. Once the teeth were embedded in your skin the venom could seep into the wound. The prey would rapidly go into shock, but it would still be living, and it might have seen itself being slowly devoured by this raptor.”Beyond the ick-factor, why does this matter?  Because, says Burnham, it makes the prehistoric world more dangerous and more complex."Venom is primitive," he said on the telephone.  "So the question is not, 'Who had venom?'  It's, 'Who didn't?'"It's making the world a far more poisonous place than we thought."

(Artist's conception by Robert DePalma/University of Kansas. Skull image courtesy of National Academy of Sciences.)

User Comments

A Venomous Duck, from the “Bob & Tom Show”

Posted by: Gunrunner | December 22, 2009, 2:32 pm 2:32 pm

Are you kidding. Seriously, who cares

Posted by: SantaClause | December 22, 2009, 2:50 pm 2:50 pm

That is pretty cool. If I’m not mistaken I remember the whole Dilophosaurus from Jurrasic Park was venomous. But seeing as how the grossly exagerated the size of a Raptor, I doubt the validity of the venomous dinosaur. Great new discovery. I love self-correcting science!

Posted by: Lawrence | December 22, 2009, 2:57 pm 2:57 pm

Self-correcting Science??? If that is true then how can we trust that anything we think we know (according to science) is true? If it is only true until the next correction, how can it be true to start with? Just because the scientists tell us it is so? Sounds like propaganda and consensus science to manipulate the masses.

Posted by: Don the Cynic | December 22, 2009, 3:11 pm 3:11 pm

Interesting.
I have to agree with the question part saying “Who didn’t?”, because, they say dinosaurs were reptiles. It is highly common for reptilian carnivores to be venomous, meaning, we should assume that most dinosaurs, likely even the non-carnivorous ones, would have venom.
@Lawrence, I believe you’re confusing that one, that dinosaur is the one who spat the liquid into the face of the one man. It wasn’t spitting venom as far as I can tell, it was acid. Basing on the way the animal behaved, it’s likely that it was acid, one that was only used in defence, or, rarely, in offense, which, the acid, was used to blind others.
@Don, well, science is similar to religion. Religion, can be said, as the beliefs made by the superstitious, to make sense, or make things make sense, of/in the world around them. Science, are the beliefs made by the rational whom try to make sense about the world around them, via thinking, and testing. Science is just the system we use in which logic rationalizes the world. Science is a system of theories, trial and error, hypothesis, and other things. With science, a theory largely believed in could be proved wrong. Say, the ideal that the sun and everything else, revolved around the earth, was proved wrong. Sure, from a certain point of view and perspective, everything revolves around us, but if you look from another, we revolve around the sun. From every other point, we revolve around the sun. What you say about science can be said about religion. For example, a religion can be easily changed by the leader of the religion, or a general agreement of the mass, meaning, a peaceful, and kind religion, can turn corrupt, and evil, with the snap of a finger.
With both religion and science, we cannot just believe what they(it), tell us so. We must all go out into the world, and test these things, and try to disprove them, and only when we can’t prove them wrong, we should believe them, but if we can’t prove them right, we shouldn’t believe, but if we can’t prove nor disprove, we must make sense in a way we see fit.
In other words, we must try to avoid being blind lambs, and we must also avoid the either or fallacy.

Posted by: Ian | December 22, 2009, 4:31 pm 4:31 pm

But Sarah Palin says dinosaur fossils were put in the ground by the devil.

Posted by: Scorpio Redhead | December 22, 2009, 5:18 pm 5:18 pm

@Scorpio Redhead
We can mark this as:
Appeal to authority fallacy
You assume she’s right because she’s Sarah Palin, a republican and conservative, right?
Or something similar to that.
You’re just saying a close variation to what others say, such as:
“Dinosaurs never existed, the government put those bones there.”
“God put dinosaur bones in the ground to test our faith!”
Also, not to be rude, but, you buy whatever Sarah Palin says?

Posted by: Ian | December 22, 2009, 5:41 pm 5:41 pm

@ian brilliant! too funny.
@scorpio redhead: it’s funny, you should laugh :)

Posted by: joshua | December 22, 2009, 10:05 pm 10:05 pm

Yawn. Old theory.
Gila monsters are venomous. Why not a dinosaur? I don’t think anybody will be able to prove it either way.

Posted by: rwsmith | December 23, 2009, 1:46 am 1:46 am

Oh, by the way. Here in SC we have a venomous deer that jumps out of trees to bite innocent passsers-by.

Posted by: rwsmith | December 23, 2009, 1:51 am 1:51 am

Yeah, god put bones in the ground to fool us. Amazing that the devout can insult god by believing he is a trickster, even more amazing that they can twist their thinking enough to make it seem like a virtue instead of an insult. I think the devout born agains in this country are the ones headed for the hot place.

Posted by: joe | December 23, 2009, 10:36 am 10:36 am

Spitting cobras and some others have the ability to eject saliva and/or venom. The spit can cause blindness and skin burns if not immediately cared for. And since birds and reptiles are closely related, this story makes perfect sense to me.

Posted by: tendergroins | December 23, 2009, 6:57 pm 6:57 pm

Don the Cynic wrote: “If it is only true until the next correction, how can it be true to start with? Just because the scientists tell us it is so? Sounds like propaganda and consensus science to manipulate the masses.”
==========================
No, Don. It sounds like you didn’t apply yourself when you were taught science in school.
Scientists distinguish between hypotheses, theories, and laws. The first two are unsure possibilities that can be corrected in the future if wrong.
The first research paper I coauthored in a Scientific Journal was about the mechanism that allows something called the “Dienol-Benzene Rearrangement” to occur. After two solid years of research and extremely conclusive results, our paper began, “One POSSIBLE mechanism …”
That’s how science works. So when scientists “tell” you that dinosaurs are related to birds, you’re mishearing them. They’re actually saying, “Dinosaurs are, based on the most likely interpretation of the evidence we have, probably related to birds.”
And look at this article: “It PROBABLY had venom in its bite.”
Such a statement is little more than a hypothesis right now: an educated guess.
If that hypothesis finds support in other future research and observations, it may become a theory: a hypothesis that explains a phenomenon and has withstood every reasonable test.
And if that theory is still working to explain new observations made many years from now, it will be called a Law: a theory that’s withstood the test of time.

Posted by: The_Mick | December 24, 2009, 4:45 am 4:45 am

Quote from story: “Beyond the ick-factor, why does this matter? Because, says Burnham, it makes the prehistoric world more dangerous and more complex.”
———–
OK, notice the tense used in this quote: it MAKES. Why would we living in 2009 care how dangerous or complex the prehistoric world ‘is’? Did I miss the big breaking news that a time-travel machine has been invented?
==============
Another quote from story: “It’s making the world a far more poisonous place than we thought.”
———–
Again, notice the tense: it IS making. How the heck does a now-extinct creature that ‘may’ have had venom make the world of NOW more poisonous?
Please, please, PLEASE tell me that this ‘research’ received NO government funding…state or federal.

Posted by: malcat | December 25, 2009, 1:59 am 1:59 am

“And if that theory is still working to explain new observations made many years from now, it will be called a Law: a theory that’s withstood the test of time.”—Not exactly…
Scientific laws are similar to scientific theories in that they are principles that can be used to predict the behavior of the natural world. Both scientific laws and scientific theories are typically well-supported by observations and/or experimental evidence. Usually scientific laws refer to rules for how nature will behave under certain conditions. Scientific theories are more overarching explanations of how nature works and why it exhibits certain characteristics.
A common misconception is that scientific theories are rudimentary ideas that will eventually graduate into scientific laws when enough data and evidence has been accumulated. A theory does not change into a scientific law with the accumulation of new or better evidence. A theory will always remain a theory, a law will always remain a law.

Posted by: cicclinton | December 25, 2009, 6:55 pm 6:55 pm

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