What Doubling Border Patrol Agents Would Mean

June 20, 2013— -- Double the number of Border Patrol agents.

That's one of the proposals that reportedly convinced some Republicans to support an immigration reform bill in the Senate.

If that happens, it would be an unprecedented increase in staff for the agency. Border Patrol would go from 21,394 agents in the 2012 fiscal year to 40,000.

Here are answers to a few questions you might have:

Is this really necessary?

Let's not kid ourselves: The No. 1 reason for this move is to gain more Republican support for immigration reform.

Members of the Senate "Gang of Eight" that drafted the immigration bill, like Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.), have said that more agents won't help border security. But they appear to be changing their minds in the name of making a deal.

See Also: Why the Senate May Spend Billions More on Border Security

Border hawks want tougher immigration enforcement measures in place before offering any paths to legal status or citizenship. Adopting an amendment like this could give the bill enough broad appeal to pass the Senate with a strong majority, something the sponsors of the legislation think will help it in the Republican-controlled House.

But Border Patrol has already doubled in size of the past eight years. At the same time, apprehensions -- the number of people caught at the border -- have dropped by a third, to 40-year lows.

As with any agency or business, though, you'll always want more workers as long as money isn't an issue.

"We're all for more manpower. We've said that technology and infrastructure are great, but they've never arrested a single person," said Shawn Moran, vice president of the National Border Patrol Council, a union for agents. "And to actually secure the border and enforce the laws, you need someone to put handcuffs on them."

The Border Patrol union doesn't currently have a position on the immigration reform bill, but Moran said they would "probably" throw their support behind it if the Republican amendment was added.

Who's going to pay for this?

Well, new immigrants, actually.

An estimate came out earlier this week that said if immigration reform passes, it would slash the deficit by upwards of a trillion dollars over 20 years. That revenue comes from fees paid by new immigrants and their employers, as well as the taxes and economic contributions from immigrants coming here under the legislation.

Now that they know the bill will generate revenue -- and a good bit of it -- the senators who wrote it have leeway to add new spending items. It's unclear how much the proposed Republican amendment would cost, but with roughly 19,000 new Border Patrol agents, we're probably talking billions. Put it on the plastic.

What's the argument for more agents?

By all appearances, far fewer people are coming to U.S. illegally today than in the late 1990s or early 2000s. There are a couple of reasons for that: the poor economy, a drastic drop-off in the Mexican birth rate and rising incomes in Mexico are a few.

Most experts agree that increased enforcement along the border has played a role, too. And with 364,768 apprehensions in the 2012 fiscal year, it's not like the border is a complete ghost town.

Doris Meissner, a senior fellow at the Migration Policy Institute and a former commissioner for the now defunct Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), thinks the money would be better used at the ports of entry, which would facilitate trade. But she gave her thoughts on how Border Patrol might deploy more agents.