Hip Implant Recalled Amid Concerns About Heart Failure, Dementia
Fears that DePuy artificial hip sends metal shavings into bloodstream.
Dec. 1, 2010 — -- A Johnson & Johnson subsidiary has recalled a metal hip implant used by thousands of younger patients after complaints of severe pain and system failure, and amid worries that the implants may be sending metal shavings into patients' bloodstreams, potentially putting them at risk for dementia and heart failure.
An investigation by WTVD, the ABC owned-and-operated station in Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, found that the artificial hip, manufactured by DePuy Orthopaedics, may have a failure rate of 12 percent, but was approved by the FDA without a clinical trial.
Since it was introduced in 2003, DePuy has sold nearly 100,000 units of its ASR XL Acetabular Hip System, which was designed for younger and more active patients. Made of chromium and cobalt, the device consists of a cup that's implanted into the hip with a ball joint that connects to the leg.
Experts say, however, that if a surgeon doesn't get the cup inserted at just the right angle, the two parts can rub against each other. That can cause severe pain, and metal particles may shave off and get into the patient's tissue and bloodstream.
CLICK HERE to watch WTVD's report
Patient Alison Pulito told WTVD that she had the device implanted because of long-standing hip problems. "I had childhood dysplasia in my hip," explained the 48-year-old mother of two. "In my twenties, I was skiing and I fell."
Surgery to repair cartilage only gave short-term relief.
"I couldn't really walk," she recalled. "I just decided it was time to take the next step and have a hip replacement."
A former healthcare consultant, Pulito thoroughly researched her options and chose the DePuy system, which was co-developed by then-Duke University surgeon Thomas Vail. ASR's chromium and cobalt metals promised to make it more durable than previous implants.
"Wear is a real problem for hip replacement. It probably causes the majority of failures over time," explained Dr. Michael Bolognesi, who is director of surgery in Duke's orthopaedic department. He scrubbed in with Dr. Vail on more than 200 ASR implants.
"Traditional hip replacement will have a metal ball and a plastic liner," he said. "Our hope would be that, with those younger patients, these hard-on-hard bearings might give them an advantage from a standpoint of wear."
"I sent emails to my surgeon saying I thank you so much for, you know, taking my pain away and giving me this opportunity to get on a bike with my kids and walk my dogs," Pulito recalled.
But five months after the operation, she says the pain was back.
"It was incredibly painful," she said.
And Pulito wasn't the only patient who had pain. DePuy says some 93,000 implants have been used in patients, and medical registries around the world report hundreds of patient complaints.
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The complaints include system failure, which means the hip must be re-implanted. The national joint registry of England and Wales showed that within 5 years of a surgery, ASR implants used in those countries failed 12 percent of the time.
Some doctors say they also worry about the possibility of particles from the implants getting released into the bloodstream. That could cause deafness, dementia and heart failure.
"It's incredibly concerning," said Bolognesi.
DePuy now recommends that implant patients have a blood test to check for high levels of chromium and cobalt.
In August, DePuy issued a recall of all ASR hip implant systems made after 2003. DePuy and Johnson & Johnson also face a class-action lawsuit filed early this year.
The suit claims the company continued to aggressively market the devices for the past two years even though the FDA received hundreds of complaints about their high failure rate.
A WTVD investigation revealed that the device had been cleared by the FDA without any clinical trials. The company used a little-known regulation that allows a medical device to be approved if it's similar to another device that's already been tested.
Attorney Matt Davis represents Alison Pulito and more than 60 other patients with failed implants."The failure rate keeps climbing year after year," he said. "It's going to continue to climb and pretty dramatically."
Pulito is among those who needed a second operation to replace the DePuy hip device.
"When he took the hip out, there was a lot of inflammation in there - just lots of swelling and tissue damage, and he thought I would do really well with the revision," she said.
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But she didn't do well because of the inflammation, and needed a third operation -- costing her thousands of dollars and so much more.
"It just affects your life in every way. I have lost so many opportunities with my children and with my husband," she said.
In November, lawyers representing implant patients met in Durham to talk about their cases.
"I'm pretty convinced that a number of people who have this device are going to end up in wheelchairs for the rest of their lives because the destruction process went too far," offered Davis.
"I'm angry, and I feel like this shouldn't happen in the United States. We have -- we have regulations. I think, you know, patients or consumers, we rely on our doctors, we rely on the products that they use," said Pulito. Pulito is feeling better now, but is nervous when she thinks about her future.
"You know, I can't ask the question. I think it's terrifying to think about if this one doesn't work. I can't let my mind go there, because you can just end up in a wheelchair," she said.
In response to a WTVD inquiry, DePuy issued a statement about the hip replacement system. It says it launched the voluntary recall after receiving the data from England and Wales.
DePuy says it is taking full responsibility and "intends to cover reasonable and customary costs of monitoring and treatment services, including revision surgeries."
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