HPV Vaccine Protects Against Anal Cancer in Women

Aug. 23, 2011 -- New research offers women one more reason to get vaccinated against the human papillomavirus (HPV). In addition to lowering the risk of cervical, vulvar and vaginal cancer, the vaccine also protects against anal cancer.

It is believed that about 90 percent of anal cancer is caused by an HPV infection. Although anal cancer is rare, it has become more prevalent in recent years in the United States, nearly doubling in prevalence in the past decade. About 5,300 people are diagnosed with anal cancer each year, the majority of whom are women, according to the American Cancer Society.

"I think we can expect to see a profound reduction in anal cancer among women vaccinated," Aimée Kreimer, the lead author on the study and investigator at the National Cancer Institute, said.

"We know that screening for cervical works because rates have been plummeting, but for anal cancer, rates are on the rise and there is no official screening process for anal cancer in women. With the vaccine, we can have women getting vaccinated for cervical cancer who will get this added benefit of protection against anal cancer."

In a study of more than 4,000 women aged 18 to 25, researchers at the National Cancer Institute and the National Institutes of Health found that the HPV vaccine was protective against anal cancer in 62 percent of women. Among women who had no previous exposure to HPV infection, the rate of prevention was even higher at 84 percent. Researchers followed women for four years after the first vaccination.

"This is significant study because we are accumulating evidence that anal cancers in men and women can be prevented by HPV vaccination," Dr. Kevin Ault, associate professor of gynecology and infectious disease at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, said.