Four-Letter Words May Be Effective Painkillers

July 12, 2009— -- Stubbed your toe? Burned your hand on a hot pot? Go ahead and curse. It might make you feel better.

Swearing increased pain tolerance in a small study of college students published online Sunday in the journal NeuroReport.

It also increased heart rate and decreased perceived pain -- signs of a "fight-or-flight" response that may help mitigate actual pain, according to Richard Stephens of Keele University in Staffordshire, U.K.

"If people experience the emotion of fear to a significant degree … their pain tolerance increases," Stephens said. "There seems to be something similar here. Swearing is emotional language. If it's not fear, it might be aggression."

Dr. Gail Saltz, professor of psychiatry at New York Presbyterian Hospital and a psychoanalyst with the New York Psychoanalytic Institute, said that a fight-or-flight response absorbs mental capacity so you can't think about your pain, and increases certain nervous system functions while slowing down others -- such as gut function -- to maximize chances of survival.

She said pain tolerance also has a lot to do with coping mechanisms, distraction being a key example.

"If you're screaming obscenities, you're not thinking about your pain," she said. "The distraction compartmentalizes the other experience."

Researchers say that swearing has long been a common response to pain.

"Many a woman in the delivery room has already figured that out," Dr. Saltz said.

But whether swearing alters a patient's experience of pain hasn't been formally studied.

So Stephens and colleagues conducted a study of 67 undergraduates from Keele University who were asked to submerge one of their hands in freezing cold water.

One group was told to utter a curse word of their choice during the immersion, while a control group repeated an innocuous word that would be used "to describe a table."

The researchers looked at how long both groups left their hands in the water as a measure of pain tolerance. They also measured pain perception and heart rate immediately following the submersion.