Police Violence May Be Reduced More by Reforms Than Technology, Advocates Say

— -- A tumultuous week in which two black men were killed by cops in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and St. Paul, Minnesota, events which ignited widespread demonstrations across the country has left lingering questions about what can be done to change police procedures and improve relations between police and the community.

A more specific discussion about practical police department reforms is necessary, according to some advocates. Stronger anti-bias and de-escalation training, as well as independent oversight and a revised description of policing duties are among the strategies they think could improve policing in America and reduce shooting deaths.

"I'm seeing pundits say things on TV like 'more love, less hate' but there are real changes we can make to the police to make things better," Robert Gangi, Director of the Police Reform Organizing Project, an advocacy group focused on reforming the NYPD, told ABC News.

Gangi, a lifelong advocate of criminal justice reform who said he finds the roots for his activism in the protest movements of the 1960's, told ABC News that he feels a sense of solidarity with the Black Lives Matter Movement. But he also feels that a discussion of practical reforms that can be made to police departments is lacking from the national discussion.

Though new technologies can be helpful in adding transparency and oversight to policing, some advocates say too much emphasis is placed on the power of those technologies. Michele Jawando, the Vice President of Legal Progress at the Center for American Progress, a public policy research and advocacy organization based out of Washington D.C. told ABC News that ideas like mandating body cameras for police can be useful, but are also an "easy and flashy fix."

Jawando, who worked on a 2014 analysis titled "Four Ideas That Could Begin to Reform the Criminal Justice System and Improve Police-Community Relations" for the Center for American Progress, told ABC News that she joined demonstrations against the police shootings this week in Washington D.C. with her husband and children, but also feels the conversation needs to be broader.

In addition to these new technologies, she feels other improvements to police training and strengthening oversight could make a difference.

De-escalation and stronger bias training in police departments are two strategies she believes would help save lives. She referenced the shooting death of 12-year-old Tamir Rice in Cleveland, Ohio, and said that many officers are unconsciously predisposed to see black children as being slightly older than they are, according to research conducted on bias.

"What you see is that some biases increase the chances that police will react too quickly to a situation," Jawando said, referring to the tendency to view black children as older than they are. "And an extra five seconds to think can make a big difference [for police]."

Improving the collection and distribution of information about police shootings at both national and local levels could also help highlight how these incidents disproportionately affect black people.

"It's unfortunate to see people going to the media for statistics about police violence, when they should be readily available from the police," she said.

But, Jawando said, political protests and demonstrations do not have to be as specific to be effective.

"People want to express their anguish together and by being together, we have an opportunity to push the conversation forward," she said.

In regards to legal oversight in the incidents, both Gangi and Jawando want to see the appointment of independent prosecutors who investigate and prosecute police violence cases.

Citing the example of Eric Garner's death in Staten Island as an example, Gangi said that District Attorneys and other officials who are beholden to their electorate should not be expected to be impartial regarding politically charged issues like police violence.

"In Staten Island, you have a mostly white, conservative electorate who has a point of view regarding the police," Gangi said, referring to Daniel Pantaleo, the NYPD officer who put Garner in chokehold that proved fatal, but was not charged in the incident.

Gangi compared Staten Island, New York's conservative voter demographic to nearby Brooklyn, New York's, which is notably more liberal, as a point of reference. He said that an independent prosecutor focused on police violence would help to "remove politics from the equation" and provide oversight that people could trust.

Police should be tasked to focus only on police work, Gangi also suggested. He referenced the "broken windows" theory of criminology, and said that cops would best serve their communities by doing more focused, specific roles like what many associate with "TV cops shows." Smaller incidents do not need bigger reactions.

"Alton Sterling was selling CDs," he said. "Philando Castile stopped with a broken taillight. You don't see cops doing these things on TV."

Gangi said that issues like selling CDs could be handled by departments focused on consumer affairs, and broken taillights could be handled by personnel focused on traffic and safety to keep violence out of incidents that lacked urgency.

He said, "These types of smaller busts are breeding feelings of mistrust in the black community."