Key Blood Test Protein May Not Cause Heart Disease

Oct. 30 -- WEDNESDAY, Oct. 29 (HealthDay News) -- High blood levels of C-reactive protein do not increase the risk of heart disease and stroke, a new study suggests.

The inflammation-linked molecule has gained prominence in recent years as a possible marker of heart disease. But the question remained -- does the protein only reflect cardiovascular woes, or does it help cause them?

The new study, based on detailed genetics, suggests that C-reactive protein (CRP) does not help spur heart disease.

"The most likely explanation is that atherosclerosis that is not clinically manifested leads to increased CRP levels," said study author Dr. Borge G. Nordestgaard, a professor of genetic epidemiology at the University of Copenhagen. Atherosclerosis involves a thickening of arteries that can result in a blockage of blood vessels that can cause heart attacks and strokes.

Nordestgaard and his team published its findings in the Oct. 30 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

A number of studies have found an association between high blood levels of CRP and increased risk of heart disease and stroke -- the same sort of association that led to suspicions that high blood levels of LDL cholesterol might help cause those problems.

Years ago, the cholesterol theory was proved by controlled trials that showed that lowering cholesterol levels by dietary changes or drug treatment decreased the risk of heart disease and stroke. However, such studies are not possible with CRP because there are no drugs that affect blood levels of the protein.

So, Nordestgaard and his colleagues turned to the ultimate source for the variety between individuals' blood levels of CRP -- genetics. Some people are genetically programmed to have high levels of CRP, while others have genes giving them low levels of the protein.

The Danish researchers performed genetic studies on more than 10,000 people, looking at four variant forms of the CRP genes.

In theory, people whose genetic profile gave them high levels of CRP should have an increased incidence of ischemic diseases such as heart attack and stroke -- if the causal theory was true.