Garlic as a Cancer Fighter? Maybe Not

Jan. 10 -- FRIDAY, Jan. 9 (HealthDay News) -- Since ancient times, eating garlic has been credited with many medical benefits, including fighting viruses, bacteria and cancer as well as lowering cholesterol.

But a new review finds that the evidence linking garlic to a reduced risk for many cancers is not creditable and, for others, it is very limited.

"The public wants to believe that garlic may be effective in reducing the risk of cancer, but so far scientific evidence is limited to conclude [it works] for all types of cancers," said Dr. Oran Kwon, a researcher at Ewha Women's University in Seoul, South Korea, and lead author of the study, published in the January issue of The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Kwon's research team did a meta-analysis, pooling the results of 19 published and scientifically sound studies that looked at garlic intake and risk reduction for specific cancers. They used the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's review system for evaluating the scientific evidence for making a health claim about a food.

Using those criteria, the researchers concluded that there was not creditable evidence to link garlic intake with a reduced risk for gastric, breast, lung and endometrial cancer. They found very limited, but credible, evidence linking garlic intake to a reduced risk for colon, prostate, esophageal, laryngeal, oral, ovarian and renal cell cancer.

The study urged that food labeling indicate that garlic is "highly unlikely" to reduce colon cancer risk and "highly uncertain" to reduce prostate cancer risk, and that there is a "highly uncertain" relationship between garlic intake and reduced likelihood of developing esophageal, laryngeal, oral, ovarian or renal cell cancer.

Kwon suggested that additional studies are needed.

Scientists have theorized that garlic may work in a number of ways to reduce cancer risk, including undoing the oxidative stress caused by "free radical" molecules, which can boost the risk of cancer and other health problems.