Coronavirus updates: 84% of California population to go on lockdown Sunday night

People are now required to wear face masks in all indoor public spaces in the Netherlands.

The Dutch government is one of the last in Europe to introduce such a mandate.

The new rule, which came into force Tuesday, applies to everyone over the age of 13 when in publicly accessible, covered places such as airports, barber shops and hair salons, covered car parks and gas stations, public transportation including platforms, town halls and retail stores. Students and teachers will also have to wear masks when walking around school buildings but not when seated during lessons.

Places of worship and buildings not accessible to the general public are exempt.

Those who ignore the mask mandate face a fine of up to 95 euros (about $114).

The former director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said that although he expects a COVID-19 vaccine to be approved soon, he also anticipates "some bumps in the road."

"When you vaccine millions of people, some people get really sick after the vaccination and you don't know whether that was the vaccine or that was just coincidence. So that has to be studied carefully or you're going to get all sorts of wild rumors flying around," Dr. Tom Frieden, who is now the president and CEO of Resolve to Save Lives, told ABC News chief anchor George Stephanopoulos in an interview Tuesday on "Good Morning America."

"There may be production problems, there may be rumors, there may be people who don't want to take it even if you do have the vaccine," he added. "So this is probably, George, the single most complicated vaccination program in American history."

Although a vaccine may be right around the corner, Frieden said people must remain vigilant this winter by wearing masks, washing hands, practicing social distancing and avoiding indoor gatherings.

"We have to double down on safety protocols or we're going to see the worst season we've yet had for COVID," he warned. "We can all do more."

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) said Tuesday that it could decide by Dec. 29 whether to recommend granting a conditional marketing authorization for a COVID-19 vaccine developed by U.S. pharmaceutical giant Pfizer and its German partner BioNTech.

Meanwhile, the European drug regulator said its assessment of another COVID-19 vaccine developed by American biotechnology company Moderna, which has also applied for a conditional marketing authorization, could be completed by Jan. 12.

In the European Union, conditional marketing authorizations allow for the approval of medicines or vaccines "that fulfill an unmet medical need on the basis of less complete data than normally required," according to the EMA. However, the data must show that the benefits outweigh any risks, and companies must provide further data from ongoing or new studies once a conditional marketing authorization has been granted.

The EMA said its reviews of both vaccine candidates "will proceed under an accelerated timeline" and that decisions could be issued "within weeks, depending on whether the data submitted are sufficiently robust and complete to show the quality, safety and effectiveness of the vaccine."

"Such a short timeframe is only possible because EMA has already reviewed some data on the vaccine during a rolling review," the agency said in a statement Tuesday. "These timelines are based on the type of data assessed so far in the context of the rolling review and may be subject to change as evaluation proceeds."

If the EMA decides to recommend granting conditional approval, the agency said the European Commission will then fast-track its decision-making process with a view to permitting a conditional marketing authorization that's valid in all EU and European Economic Area member states "within days."

U.S. pharmaceutical giant Pfizer and its German partner BioNTech said they have submitted an application for conditional approval of their COVID-19 vaccine with the European Medicines Agency.

The submission, which occurred Monday, completes the rolling review process that the two companies initiated with the regulator on Oct. 6.

"Today’s announcement marks another key milestone in our efforts to fulfill our promise to do everything we can to address this dire crisis given the critical public health need," Pfizer chairman and CEO Albert Bourla said in a statement Tuesday. "We have known since the beginning of this journey that patients are waiting, and we stand ready to ship COVID-19 vaccine doses as soon as potential authorizations will allow us."

If the vaccine candidate, called BNT162b2, is approved, the companies said it could potentially be available for use in Europe before the end of the year.

"As a company located in the heart of Europe, today’s milestone is important to us as we continue to seek to enable a worldwide supply upon potential approval of BNT162b2," BioNTech CEO and co-founder Ugur Sahin said in a statement Tuesday. "We will continue to work with regulatory agencies around the world to enable the rapid distribution, should the vaccine receive the approval, contributing to the joint efforts to let the world heal and regain its normal pace of life."