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Last Updated: October 30, 2020, 12:34 PM EDT

A pandemic of the novel coronavirus has now killed more than 1.1 million people worldwide.

Over 44.9 million people across the globe have been diagnosed with COVID-19, the disease caused by the new respiratory virus, according to data compiled by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University. The actual numbers are believed to be much higher due to testing shortages, many unreported cases and suspicions that some national governments are hiding or downplaying the scope of their outbreaks. The criteria for diagnosis -- through clinical means or a lab test -- has also varied from country to country.

The United States is the worst-affected nation, with more than 8.9 million diagnosed cases and at least 228,636 deaths.

Nearly 200 vaccine candidates for COVID-19 are being tracked by the World Health Organization, at least 10 of which are in crucial phase three studies. Of those 10 potential vaccines in late-stage trials, there are currently five that will be available in the United States if approved.

Latest headlines:

Here's how the news is developing today. All times Eastern.
Oct 29, 2020, 12:36 PM EDT

Hospitals full in Belgian city with 41% infection rate

Liege, Belgium, is emerging as an epicenter of Europe's worsening coronavirus crisis.

In Liege, where there's a roughly 41% infection rate, the local hospital is at full capacity. ICU numbers have tripled in the last three weeks.

Health workers take care of patients suffering from COVID-19 in a recovery room of an operating theater transformed for COVID-19 patients, at Montlegia CHC clinic in Liege, Belgium, Oct. 29, 2020.
Yves Herman/Reuters

A doctor told ABC News that health workers who have tested positive for COVID-19 are still treating patients to keep the hospital system from crashing.

ABC News’ James Longman contributed to this report.

Oct 29, 2020, 11:48 AM EDT

New York City’s positivity rate ‘worrisome,’ mayor says

New York City's positivity rate on Thursday jumped to 2.7%, "a worrisome number," Mayor Bill de Blasio said.

"It is literally twice yesterday," he said. "We cannot allow that number to keep growing. We really have to double down."

People wearing protective face masks walk outside the New York Stock Exchange in New York, Oct. 26, 2020.
Mike Segar/Reuters

The mayor said there's no particular reason for the uptick. The city's seven-day positivity rate average is 1.92%.

De Blasio repeated his message that "people really should not travel for the holidays unless it’s absolutely necessary.”

“Unfortunately, pretty much everywhere is doing worse at fighting coronavirus,” he said. “And if you go someplace else, the chance of bringing it back with you is high."

The mayor also warned New Yorkers to avoid large gatherings for Halloween.

"People want to trick or treat outdoors, small groups with masks on, that’s great. Big gatherings, parties, that’s not great at all,” he said, warning, "we find out about them, we are going to break them up."

ABC News’ Aaron Katersky contributed to this report.

Oct 29, 2020, 9:24 AM EDT

Hospitalizations in Oklahoma could triple by December: Officials

Officials in Oklahoma are warning that COVID-19 hospitalizations in the Sooner State could triple by the end of December if people don't change their personal behaviors or if local ordinances are not enacted.

Projections from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation showed that if local mask and social distancing mandates don't change, cases, hospitalizations and deaths will all increase in Oklahoma.

"We elected leaders to protect us, that’s one of their main responsibilities," Dr. George Monks, president of the Oklahoma State Medical Association, told ABC News affiliate KTUL in Tulsa. "To protect their citizens, you may upset a minority number of citizens in your district, but you’ve got to step up."

If mandates are eased, those numbers could go up even more, officials said.

From Oct. 16-22, the number of cases in Oklahoma increased 20.2% and the week-over-week deaths increased 34.5%, according to the Oklahoma Department of Health.

Monks said IHME projects said the state would reach its maximum need of 2,711 beds for COVID patients on Dec. 28. It doesn't have to be that way, he said, if everyone wore masks.

"It is projected we will reach our maximum number of new COVID-19 cases per day on 12/09/2020 at 5,005 cases/day," Monks said on Twitter. "This number changes significantly if we implement universal masking."

In Oklahoma, more than 119,000 people have been diagnosed with COVID-19, with at least 1,286 deaths.

Oct 29, 2020, 9:21 AM EDT

Vaccine effectiveness will be known by December, Fauci says

Researchers should know by December whether the vaccines in development are safe and effective, according to Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

PHOTO: FILE - In this July 27, 2020, file photo, Nurse Kathe Olmstead prepares a shot that is part of a possible COVID-19 vaccine, developed by the National Institutes of Health and Moderna Inc., in Binghamton, N.Y.
FILE - In this July 27, 2020, file photo, Nurse Kathe Olmstead prepares a shot that is part of a possible COVID-19 vaccine, developed by the National Institutes of Health and Moderna Inc., in Binghamton, N.Y. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration will hold a meeting to discuss the process of approving COVID-19 vaccines.
Hans Pennink/AP

Fauci added that he's "cautiously optimistic that we will have a safe and effective vaccine even though you can never make absolute predictions."