Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health, told ABC News, "I would expect that if we have a vaccine that's approved by December, by the spring, most Americans will have a chance to access it."
"Certainly by the middle of 2021, we ought to be in a pretty good place," he said.
But Collins stressed, "I'm saying all this with the assumption that one of these vaccines is going to work. We don't know that yet, and until we get to that point, science is not predictable."
Collins said a friend asked him if her daughter should reschedule her May 2021 wedding.
"I didn't quite know what to say," Collins said. "I kind of said, 'Well, you might not reschedule it yet, but you might think about having some flexibility there in case we're still at the tail end of a time where people really shouldn't be gathering in large numbers."
ABC News' Bob Woodruff and Victor Odonez contributed to this report.