1st presidential debate between Trump and Biden spirals into chaotic clash

Highlights from the first presidential debate held in Cleveland.

Last Updated: January 6, 2022, 3:01 PM EST

President Donald Trump and Democratic nominee for president Joe Biden faced off from a social distance in the first presidential debate of 2020 in Cleveland, just five weeks out from Election Day.

The first presidential debate at Case Western Reserve University and the Cleveland Clinic came on the heels of bombshell reporting from The New York Times on two decades of Trump's tax records, ahead of a contentious Supreme Court confirmation process in the Senate and as the latest ABC News/Washington Post poll shows Biden maintains a 10-point edge among both registered and likely voters.

The coronavirus pandemic's impact on the race was also on display as the two candidates didn't partake in a handshake, customary at the top of such events. The size of the audience was also limited and everyone attending the debate had to undergo COVID-19 testing and follow other public health protocols.

The debate’s moderator, Chris Wallace of "Fox News Sunday," selected six topics for Tuesday with each segment expected to get approximately 15 minutes: Trump's and Biden's records, the Supreme Court, COVID-19, the economy, race and violence in U.S. cities, and the integrity of the election -- the final topic coming as Trump over the weekend wouldn’t commit to a peaceful transfer of power.

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Here's how the debate unfolded. All times Eastern.
Sep 29, 2020, 11:08 PM EDT

Will the candidates urge their supporters to stay calm, civil while ballots are counted?

When asked by Wallace if he would urge his supporters to stay calm during the extended period after the election when ballots are still being counted, Trump did not give a definitive answer. 

"I'm urging my supporters to go into the polls," Trump said. 

"I am urging my people -- I hope it's going to be a fair election, if it's a fair election," the president continued.

"You're urging them what," Wallace interrupted.

"I am 100% on board, but if I see tens of thousands of ballots being manipulated, I can't go along with that."

"What does that mean?" Wallace pressed. 

President Donald Trump and Democratic presidential candidate former Vice President Joe Biden participate in the first presidential debate, Sept. 29, 2020, in Cleveland.
Olivier Douliery/Pool via AP

The president did not clarify. Trump has previously falsely claimed mail-in ballot fraud.

When Biden was asked the same question, he responded with a definitive, "yes."

"Here's the deal," Biden added. "The fact is I will accept it, and he will too. You know why? Once when the winner is declared after all the -- after all the ballots are counted -- all the votes are counted, that'll be the end of it."

Biden finished by saying he will "support the outcome" either way.

Sep 29, 2020, 10:55 PM EDT

FACT CHECK: Trump accuses Hunter Biden of making a fortune overseas

TRUMP'S STATEMENT: "Once you became vice president, (Hunter Biden) made a fortune in Ukraine and China and Moscow and various other places. He made a fortune, and he didn't have a job."

FACT CHECK: While the exact sum of Hunter Biden's foreign business ventures is unclear, ethics experts have broadly taken issue with them -- particularly those in places like Ukraine and China, at a time when his father was fronting U.S. policy there.

Robert Weissman, the president of progressive watchdog group Public Citizen, told ABC News last year, "at absolute minimum there's a huge appearance of conflict … (Joe Biden) should have encouraged his son to not take these positions."

Still, Weissman called Hunter Biden's business activity "orders of magnitude" less troubling than how the Trump family has operated its businesses during the Trump administration.

In an interview with ABC News last year, Hunter Biden said he exercised "poor judgment," but maintained that he made no "ethical lapses."

"I gave a hook to some very unethical people to act in illegal ways to try to do some harm to my father. That's where I made the mistake," he said. "So I take full responsibility for that. Did I do anything improper? No, not in any way. Not in any way whatsoever."

"Did I make a mistake? Well, maybe in the grand scheme of things, yeah," he continued. "But did I make a mistake based upon some ethical lapse? Absolutely not."

In their 87-page report released last week, Senate Republicans concluded that Hunter Biden's overseas endeavors were "awkward" and at times "problematic," but stopped short of identifying any criminal activity on Hunter Biden's part or any wrongdoing on Joe Biden's part. 

--ABC News' Lucien Bruggeman

Sep 29, 2020, 10:45 PM EDT

Trump warns of fraud with mail-in ballots, Biden fact checks him using Trump officials 

The final question to both candidates was how will they reassure the American people that the next president will be the legitimate winner of this election.

Biden answered first by urging Americans to make a voting plan before they get to the polls, before assuring Americans that their mail-in votes would be counted. 

"His own homeland security director as well as the FBI director says there is no evidence at all that mail-in ballots are a source of being manipulated and cheating. They said that the fact is that there are going to be millions of people because of COVID that are going to be voting by mail in ballots -- like he does by the way, he sits behind the Resolute desk and sends his ballot to Florida."

President Donald Trump and Democratic presidential candidate former Vice President Joe Biden participate in the first presidential debate, Sept. 29, 2020, in Cleveland.
Olivier Douliery/Pool via AP

"Number two, we're going to make sure that those people who want to vote in person, are able to vote," Biden added. 

Trump struck a different note warning of "fraud like you've never seen."

"As far as the ballots are concerned, it's a disaster," Trump said. "They're sending millions of ballots all over the country."

"I think we're going to do well because people are really happy with the job we've done. But you know what, we won't know -- we might not know for months, because these ballots are going to be all over," Trump added.

Debate moderator and Fox News anchor Chris Wallace moderates the first 2020 presidential campaign debate between President Donald Trump and Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden, Sept. 29, 2020, in Cleveland.
Olivier Douliery/Pool via Reuters

Elections officials in dozens of states have stood firm in expressing confidence to ABC News that they'll be able to effectively carry out expanded mail-in voting in November, despite Trump's repeated claims of rampant voter fraud.

Sep 29, 2020, 10:35 PM EDT

FACT CHECK: Over 100M Americans in US with pre-existing conditions, studies show

BIDEN'S CLAIM: Biden says 100 million Americans have pre-existing conditions, Trump says he's wrong

FACT CHECK: 100 million or more people have pre-existing conditions in the U.S.

Biden said during the debate that "100 million people" have pre-existing conditions, while Trump said that number was "totally wrong."

"There aren't 100 million people with pre-existing conditions," Trump said. The two candidates were debating about the path forward for health care in America.

Biden, who was arguing that Trump and Republicans would kick people with pre-existing conditions off of health care if they rescinded the Affordable Care Act, is correct that somewhere around 100 million Americans have pre-existing conditions, according to studies.

One study by the Health and Human Services Department in 2017 found that a large percentage of non-elderly Americans have pre-existing health conditions, ranging from 61 million to 133 million. 

The study found that "at least 23 percent of Americans (61 million people) using a narrow definition based on eligibility criteria for pre-ACA state high-risk pools, or as many as 51 percent (133 million people) using a broader definition closer to the underwriting criteria used by insurers prior to the ACA" could have been denied health care or offered it at a high price before the Affordable Care Act passed because of pre-existing conditions. The study was published under the Obama administration.

There is a difference, however, between the absolute number of people with pre-existing conditions and the number of people who would be denied coverage under the Affordable Care Act. Experts point out that 54 million non-elderly Americans would've been denied insurance before the ACA, but confirmed that 100 million or more Americans have pre-existing conditions.

"54 million non-elderly adults have a pre-existing condition that would have led to a denial of insurance before the ACA. 100 million or more have a pre-existing condition that would have led to higher premiums or limited benefits," tweeted Larry Levitt, executive vice president for health policy at the Kaiser Family Foundation, referring to a study by the organization.