China tightens bank credit to cool fast-growing economy
BEIJING -- China tightened credit Monday in a new effort to cool its sizzling economy, ordering banks to shrink the pool of money for lending by increasing their reserves for a sixth time this year.
The move was widely expected after the economy grew by 11.9% last quarter, its fastest rate in 12 years, despite earlier efforts to slow the expansion. Beijing raised interest rates on July 20 for a third time this year.
Banks were ordered to raise the amount of money they keep on deposit with the central bank to 12% from 11.5% of their deposits, effective Aug. 15, the central bank said on its website.
China's communist leaders want to keep overall growth high to reduce poverty. But they worry that runaway investment in real estate and other industries could push up politically volatile inflation or spark a debt crisis if borrowers default.
Regulators have tried to target individual industries with investment curbs while keeping interest rate hikes small in an effort to avoid derailing growth. Even after three rises this year, the key lending rate stands at just 6.84% on a one-year loan.
Economic planners worry, however, that the export-fueled flood of cash surging through China's economy is driving dangerously fast investment in stocks, real estate and other assets.
The surge in the money supply is straining the central bank's ability to contain pressure for prices to rise. It drains billions of dollars a month from the economy through bond sales, piling up reserves that have topped $1.3 trillion.
Still, Chinese banks are so flush with cash that moves such as Monday's reserve increase are considered to be just a government signal to curtail lending, not a real constraint on credit.
Bank deposits total more than 31 trillion yuan ($4 trillion) and are growing by tens of billions of dollars a month, leaving plenty of money for new lending.
The government has tried to rein in China's export surge by cutting rebates of value-added taxes and imposing new taxes on shipments of some goods such as steel. But the Chinese trade surplus soared to a new monthly high in June, widening 86% from the year-earlier period to $26.9 billion.
Outside analysts are forecasting economic growth of up to 11.5% this year. They raised earlier estimates after the second-quarter growth figures exceeded all expectations.
The rapid growth in money supply has helped to drive a boom in Chinese stock prices. The main index has risen by more than 60% this year, after more than doubling in 2006.
On Monday, the benchmark Shanghai Composite Index rose 2.2% to close at a new all-time high of 4,440.77, breaking the previous closing high of 4346.46 set on Thursday.
Inflation has crept up, hitting 4.4% in June — its highest level in more than two years — driven by a 7.6% jump in food prices. That is well above the official 3% target this year.