Statin Drugs May Also Raise 'Good' Cholesterol

Feb. 6, 2007 — -- The more than 18 million American patients who receive statins to help them lower their "bad" LDL cholesterol may be getting an additional benefit -- a boost to their "good" HDL cholesterol.

The hope is that treatments to raise HDL cholesterol could one day be paired with statins to help patients with heart and artery disease.

The finding is also a vindication for many cardiologists who, despite the recent failure of one HDL-raising drug in clinical trials, continue to hold out hope for such therapies.

Researchers at the Cleveland Clinic analyzed four other studies and report that improvements in HDL levels are linked to a reduced risk of blocked arteries. Moreover, the authors note in the study, "even when HDL did not go up by very much, patients saw substantial improvement in blocked arteries."

Modest HDL Rise Could Have Benefit

Statins -- a class of drugs that includes Lipitor, Crestor and Zocor -- are the No. 1 selling drugs in the country today.

They are primarily used to lower levels of LDL cholesterol, thus limiting the formation of artery-blocking plaque.

But researchers found they may also raise HDL levels between 5 and 10 percent -- perhaps providing the little extra boost needed to further improve patients' chances of avoiding artery blockage.

"We've had statin drugs for 15 years, and we've known that they are very effective in lowering LDL cholesterol," says lead study author Stephen Nicholls of the department of cardiovascular medicine at Cleveland Clinic. "But we also had evidence that they worked in different ways."

Nicholls says the prospect that even a modest increase in HDL levels can improve a patient's chances of avoiding heart disease is good news.

"The conventional thought was that a 5 to 10 percent increase probably didn't contribute too much in terms of clinical benefits," Nicholls says.

"But what we found was that this effect had a marked benefit in these patients."

Moreover, Nicholls and his colleagues also found that those patients who experienced the most significant boosts in their HDL levels actually experienced a regression in plaque -- meaning the higher HDL levels "cleaned out" their arteries to a certain extent.

"This, in particular, highlights the importance of increased HDL, even in small degrees, in removing plaque from the arteries and preventing heart disease," Nicholls says.

But while most heart experts agree that raising HDL could be a promising approach to treating heart disease, not all are convinced that such modest increases could be responsible for the positive effects.

"HDL raising with a statin is so modest -- generally 5 to 10 percent -- that it is hard for the individual to even notice it, and it requires large studies like this to see statistically significant effects," says Dr. Daniel Rader, director of preventive cardiovascular medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

And some heart disease experts say other factors might be at play.

"It is hard to be certain that the contribution to plaque regression … is really from HDL raising," says Dr. James Cleeman, senior medical officer at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.

"This study lends support to the hypothesis that even modest raising of HDL levels lowers heart risk, but it is not definitive," says Dr. Lori Mosca, director of preventive cardiology at New York-Presbyterian Hospital.

A Comeback for HDL Therapy?

The study comes just months after drug giant Pfizer abandoned clinical trials on the drug Torcetrapib.

Heart disease experts had hoped the drug, designed to raise levels of HDL cholesterol in patients by up to 60 percent, would represent a blockbuster treatment for those with heart disease.

However, trials were halted after it was found that patients taking the drug experienced a higher risk of death than those who did not take it.

"Following the Torcetrapib cancellations, many people wondered whether 'good' cholesterol was, in fact, good," says Dr. Christopher Cannon, cardiologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. "This study is new, important information that brings HDL back to the table.

"It is very important for the public to know that raising HDL is good. Torceptrapib just did it the wrong way."

And raising patients' "good" cholesterol levels along with lowering "bad" cholesterol levels could represent the next step forward in saving the lives of patients.

"This is indeed the new wave of advance in preventive cardiology in the next five to 10 years," says Dr. Gregory Brown, professor of medicine at the University of Washington in Seattle.

The findings may also open the door to a renewed push for treatment with niacin -- a drug that has been shown to raise HDL levels 30 to 40 percent in heart disease patients.

Brown, who is currently working on a large clinical trial examining the impact of niacin therapy in combination with statins, says using niacin in combination with statins may further demonstrate the benefits of raising "good" cholesterol while lowering "bad" cholesterol in patients.

Niacin, however, has drawbacks. The main drawback is flushing -- a hot, sometimes itchy sensation that is accompanied by a reddening or blushing of the skin. But Brown says the drug company Merck is currently working on a drug that can inhibit some of this flushing.

Finding Could Affect Millions

The news that statins may contribute to better cholesterol levels in two ways would be good news for millions of patients. But in addition to new drugs, another important key to increasing HDL cholesterol could be an age-old prescription -- a healthier lifestyle.

"A healthy lifestyle, including not smoking, getting regular physical activity, weight loss and consumption of monounsaturated fats is still the standard doctor's orders to increase your HDL and protect your heart," Mosca says.