How fast the justices move in making a determination will impact whether Trump stands trial before the November election -- if at all.

Experts point to how the court handled Bush v. Gore, when the justices intervened to end a ballot recount and effectively hand George W. Bush the presidency in the 2000 election. In United States v. Nixon, the Watergate scandal tapes case, the Supreme Court heard arguments July 8, 1974, and issued its opinion rejecting his claim of executive privilege 16 days later.

It’s not clear whether the court will move with such speed. The opinions are expected to be released before the court’s term ends in June.

The justices could uphold the lower court decision rejecting immunity in its entirety, clearing the way for a trial this summer. Or they could kick the can down the road by sending the case back to lower courts for further proceedings -- which some conservative justices floated during arguments. Such an outcome could rule out a trial before the end of the year.

Read more about timing in the case here.

Oral arguments came to an end after two hours and 40 minutes.

Trump attorney declined to give a rebuttal, and the case was submitted.

Throughout arguments, multiple of the justices made clear they were looking past the immediate example of Trump to what their decision will mean for the future of the presidency.

"We're writing a rule for the ages," Justice Neil Gorsuch said.

"This case has huge implications for the presidency, for the future of the presidency and for the future of the country, in my view," said Justice Brett Kavanaugh.

"Whatever we decide is going to apply to all future presidents," said Justice Samuel Alito.

Justice Samuel Alito has multiple times over the course of questioning sounded sympathetic toward Trump's positions.

He also seemed to raise concerns about former presidents suffering the burden of having to go through a trial if they are criminally charged.

"That may involve great expense, and it may take up a lot of time, and during the trial the former president may be unable to engage in other activities that the former president would want to engage in, and then the outcome is dependent on the jury, the instructions to the jury and how the jury returns a verdict, and then it has to be taken up on appeal," Alito said at one point.

In his final question to government attorney Michael Dreeben, Alito seemed to suggest that Trump's prosecution could serve to incentivize future presidents to try and unlawfully remain in office in order to avoid prosecution by their successors.

"Now, if an incumbent who loses a close, hotly contested election knows that a real possibility after leaving office is not that the president is going to be able to go off into a peaceful retirement -- but that the president may be criminally prosecuted by a bitter political opponent. Will that not lead us into a cycle that destabilizes the functioning of our country as a democracy?" Alito asked.

"I think it is exactly the opposite, Justice Alito," Dreeben replied, noting Trump and his allies filed dozens of lawful challenges to the results of the election and lost.

"There is an appropriate way to challenge things through the courts with evidence," Dreeben said. "If you lose, you accept the results, that has been the nation's experience, I think the court is well familiar with that."

As Smith's team has noted in arguing against Trump, the former president's lawyers during his second Senate impeachment trial said in very clear terms that they believed a president could in fact be criminally prosecuted by the Department of Justice -- the opposite of what his legal team is currently arguing.

"If my colleagues on this side of the chamber actually think that President Trump committed a criminal offense -- and let's understand, a high crime is a felony and a misdemeanor is a misdemeanor; the words haven't changed that much over time -- after he is out of office, you go and arrest him," one of his attorneys said in opening statements during his impeachment trial in 2021, shortly after Jan. 6.

"We have a judicial process in this country, we have an investigative process in this country, to which no former officeholder is immune,” Trump's attorney said then.

But now, facing federal charges related to Jan. 6, Trump's lawyers argue a president can only be prosecuted if he is impeached, convicted by the Senate and removed from office.

The Senate in his second impeachment trial acquitted, though a majority of lawmakers voted to convict him.

-ABC News' Katherine Faulders