What Areas in the U.S. Are At Risk for Earthquakes?

March 11, 2011— -- An earthquake measuring 8.9 on the Richter scale struck Japan today causing massive destruction and a death toll that reached over 300.

The quake, the strongest to strike the country, caused a tsunami in the area and created massive amounts of damage. In the United States, the earthquake triggered tsunami warnings and advisories throughout the morning on the West Coast.

The earthquake was reminiscent of the 2010 earthquake that ravaged Haiti, killing thousands of people and leaving millions displaced.

"Earthquakes are a national hazard," David Applegate, a seismologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, told "Good Morning America."

People usually associate earthquakes with the West Coast, the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, but 39 of the 50 states -- including New York and Tennessee -- have moderate to high seismic hazard risk, Applegate said.

The New Madrid fault in the central United States is particularly dangerous. The fault is among the most active in the country, running from St. Louis to Memphis.

New Madrid Earthquake Caused River to Run 'Backward'

The New Madrid fault line is best known for some of the most violent earthquakes to ever hit the U.S: a series of four in 1811 and 1812. The quakes were estimated at magnitude 7.5 to 8.0, so strong the Mississippi River reportedly flowed backward. Damage occurred as far away as Washington, D.C., and Charleston, S.C.

Some New Madrid, Mo., residents saw large cracks open in the ground. The crew of a steamboat mooring overnight along a Mississippi River island reportedly awoke to find the island had disappeared below the water.

"We have about 200 small earthquakes per year that we record," said Gary Patterson of the University of Memphis Center for Earthquake Research and Information. "Compared to California, you're getting two to three thousand smaller quakes like that, but for eastern North America, this is a hot spot, the most active seismic area east of the Rockies in the United States."

As for whether there is a big earthquake on the way for the zone, Patterson said there have been major earthquakes in the area about every 500 years in the past 1,500 years. The earthquakes happened as a part of a sequence of events, not just one main shock, he said.

Ramapo Faults Spans N.J., N.Y. and Pa.

Several small quakes were centered last month near the New Madrid fault in southeast Missouri, including some that were felt in parts of Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee and Kentucky, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. No damage was reported.

CLICK HERE for more information on the fault lines across the United States.

Another well-known fault line is located in New York City. It crosses Manhattan from the Hudson River to the East River, running approximately along 125th Street.

The Ramapo Fault, another New York Metro-area fault line, runs 70 miles through New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania.

The fault has been quiet for about 200 years, which is part of the problem, seismologists say.

"We know in the future at some point an earthquake is going to occur but we don't really understand the rules of the game yet in this area, so we can't come with numbers and specifically tell you what the hazard is going to be," Leonardo Seeber, a research scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University in New York, said.

The Associated Press and Lyneka Little contributed to this story.

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