Election Day 2024: Live results and analysis

Yesterday, 538 unveiled our county benchmarks for the 2024 election. The benchmarks are one of the tools our reporters have used on election nights internally to spot early trends in results and see who's on track for victory. Another is our hypothetical election simulator, which enables users to pick winners in each state and see how your calls update our pre-election presidential election forecast.

For example, while our model starts off giving Kamala Harris a 50-in-100 chance of winning the election, if you call Pennsylvania for her, her chance of winning the majority of Electoral College votes rises to 87 in 100. Add Wisconsin and she's a 94-in-100 favorite. Trump, meanwhile, has a solid Pennsylvania-plus-Sun Belt path to victory. If we assign Michigan and Wisconsin to Harris, but give Pennsylvania and Georgia to Trump, the former President wins 62% of the time.

I will personally be running a version of our what-if simulator throughout election night and reporting the results for you here on this live-blog. That version is a little closer to what you'd get in a full live election night model — it updates our pre-election model not with binary calls about who will win or lose, but with projections in each state from various other sources and models — but we're keeping it on my laptop as a test for future elections.

Our "what-if?" simulator is pretty much an empirical replica of what you'll see anchors and reporters doing on television all night, though. If you take X away from Y, what happens in Z? If Trump is beating his polls in three fast-counting east coast states, is he on track out west, too? Plug your guesses into our interactive as the night goes on and you can figure it out!

Polling in Arizona could hardly be closer. Trump leads Harris by a little over 2 percentage points in 538's final polling average of the state. That puts Arizona's polling about 3 points more Republican than the rest of the country.

Indeed, Arizona was a solidly Republican state until 2020, when it very narrowly gave its 11 electoral votes to Biden, who defeated Trump by just about 11,000 votes — a result that prompted attempts to challenge the outcome of the election. Since then, Arizona has become a hotbed for election denial, including by its 2024 Republican Senate candidate, Kari Lake, who made her name as a stalwart of the pro-Trump MAGA movement.

When it comes to demographics, nearly one in four voters in Arizona are Latino. According to a September Suffolk University/USA Today poll, nearly half of that group, 49%, are registered as Democrats, while around a quarter are registered as Republicans. Overall, Hispanic voters planned to vote for Harris over Trump 57% to 38%, even as the overall electorate in Arizona split the other way, with 43% favoring Harris and 52% favoring Trump. Another smaller but notable group in Arizona is Mormons, who make up 5% of the state's population. While they have historically voted Republican, many have moved away from Trump's rebrand of the party.

Like most of the country, Arizonans name inflation and the economy, immigration, and abortion as their top issues. Abortion and immigration may have special salience for voters this year, as they'll be deciding on ballot measures to tackle each of those issues.

This cycle, both Trump and Harris made appearances on several newer, unconventional media shows, reflecting a broader shift in political communication and raising questions about how democracy functions when potential voters receive information about the candidates from less traditional news sources.

The audience for the shows where Trump appeared, like the Nelk Brothers' Full Send Podcast, This Past Weekend w/ Theo Von, and The Joe Rogan Experience, skew male and right-leaning. For her part, the audiences for shows where Harris appeared are somewhat more mixed, though similarly targeted at demographics she may be stronger with. She spoke with Alex Cooper, host of Call Her Daddy, whose audience leans young and female, but also appeared on All the Smoke with hosts Matt Barnes and Stephen Jackson, whose audience leans young, male and Black.

But as Americans' distrust of traditional mainstream media grows and their media habits shift, these unconventional platforms may be increasingly central to presidential campaigns' media strategies, and they may be decisive, electorally.

By appearing on platforms with highly specific demographics, campaigns may build direct rapport with targeted groups, but this also bypasses the broader public discourse traditionally facilitated by mainstream media. As media habits evolve, we're left to wonder: Will this shift enhance democratic participation or deepen polarization?

With all the attention on the presidential race, it's easy to lose track of key Senate and House races this cycle, not to mention important ballot measures. Don't worry — the 538 Politics podcast team is here to help with an election "road trip" (without even leaving the office!), and you're invited along for the ride.

Starting in New York, they previewed the state's competitive house races, before continuing south through Massachusetts, where psychedelics are on the ballot, and westward to Ohio, where the race between incumbent Democratic Sen. Sherrod Brown and Republican challenger Bernie Moreno could decide control of the Senate. They zig-zag across the country, hitting races and referendums from Louisiana all the way to California, before finally taking the ferry to Alaska to preview the race in the state's lone congressional district. You can listen to that podcast here.