Upscale home sales lag as jumbo loans are hard to get

— -- More than four months after the Obama administration launched its housing rescue plan, scores of lenders are focused on rewriting mortgage loans to make them more affordable.

But one demographic is being largely ignored: homeowners with higher-price loans.

They don't qualify for mortgage modifications under the Obama plan. They can't get today's low interest rates if they try to refinance. And with newly cautious lenders warier about who they lend to, just try to sell a home that costs $730,000 or more these days. In many cases, finding a buyer who can get financing takes far longer than for lower-price homes, because banks want as much as 30% down and six months of mortgage payments in reserve.

The result is a housing market in which sales and purchases of higher-price homes have come almost to a standstill, and it's a predicament that could undermine the housing recovery. Move-up buyers (homeowners who want to buy larger, pricier homes) are getting locked out by lack of financing. Too many unsold homes in the top tier of the market also can push down prices for homes in the midprice range.

"We need to have a market recovery in all segments," says Lawrence Yun, chief economist with the National Association of Realtors (NAR). "If the high-end market weakens, those in the middle have to reduce prices."

While the number of homeowners with higher loans is small relative to the entire market, Yun says, "All of Middle America is undoubtedly impacted."

Jumbos and super-jumbos

Bigger loans, known as jumbo loans, come in three types.

Loans up to $417,000 are considered "conforming," and can be sold to mortgage-finance giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which also guarantee them when they resell those mortgages to investors. But after that, the situation is more complex.

Loans between $417,000 and $729,750 are "conforming jumbo," and loans above $729,750 are "super-jumbo." Fannie and Freddie back only conforming jumbos, and what qualifies as conforming can vary depending on location. In San Francisco, Fannie and Freddie will back loans up to $729,750. In Atlantic City, the maximum is $453,750.

Lenders are leery of making loans above the amount that Freddie and Fannie will guarantee, because if a jumbo loan borrower defaults, it's harder for a bank to quickly sell a higher-end foreclosed property. And because Freddie and Fannie don't buy non-conforming jumbo loans, there's less of a secondary market for super-size loans.

States with the highest percentages of jumbo mortgages include Hawaii, California and New York, as well as the District of Columbia. In New Jersey, Maryland, Massachusetts, Virginia, Connecticut, Washington, Nevada and Florida, jumbos account for 10% or more of all loans.