Donald Trump's defense attorneys contested the conclusion of a plaintiff's expert who said restoring E. Jean Carroll's reputation would cost as much as $12 million.

Defense attorney Michael Madaio challenged the validity of Northwestern University professor Ashlee Humphreys' report, suggesting that it failed to consider Carroll's increased social media following and career prospects after she accused Trump of rape.

Madaio also argued that some of the negative attention Humphreys calculated really came from articles about the allegation, and not from Trump's statements denying the claim.

"It's likely more people know her name," Humphreys allowed.

Humphreys also conceded that she had never, herself, carried out a reputation repair campaign.

"Do you have any real-world experience other than being a professor?" Madaio asked. "Have you ever applied the methodologies in the report in the real world?"

"No," Humphreys responded. "I teach students how to apply these methodologies."

At several points during the cross-examination, Judge Kaplan expressed frustration with Madaio's questions and the pace of his cross-examination.

"We're now wasting time -- big time," Kaplan thundered at one point.

Court was subsequently adjourned for the day after Humphreys stepped down from the witness stand. The trial is scheduled to resume on Monday.

Former President Trump's defamatory denial of E. Jean Carroll's rape allegation was seen online as many as 25 million times and 63 million times on television, causing "severe" damage to Carroll's reputation that would cost more than $12 million to repair, an expert called by Carroll's attorneys testified.

The expert, Northwestern University professor Ashlee Humphreys, said Trump's statements reached between 85 and 104 million people. Not everyone believed them -- maybe a fifth to a quarter -- but they altered the associations attached to Carroll's name, Humphreys said.

Before June 2019, Humphreys said Carroll was known as a journalist, a "truth-teller and sassy advice columnist." After her allegation became public and Trump responded to it, Carroll was publicly associated with being a liar or a Democratic operative, Humphreys said.

"I found that damage to her reputation was severe and the costs to repair it were considerable," Humphreys testified. She estimated it would cost $12 million to repair Carroll's reputation by placing positive messages about her on television, with social media influencers and on blogs.

E. Jean Carroll testified on redirect examination that she would prefer to have the reputation she had prior to her allegation against then-President Trump than the one she has now -- despite defense assertions that her online following and her income have increased.

"Would you prefer to have the reputation you have now with all those Twitter followers, or the reputation you had before June 2019? Carroll's attorney Roberta Kaplan asked.

"Before," Carroll responded.

Carroll testified she did not go public with the accusation to enhance her social status, get herself on a magazine cover, or make money. "No, it took great courage to come forward and say what happened," Carroll said.

While she said she anticipated backlash, Carroll said that Trump's defamatory statements made the backlash worse than what she expected.

After earlier conceding under cross-examination that she received negative messages in the hours before the White House issued a public denial of her rape claim, she testified on redirect that the messages became more threatening and abusive after Trump's statement.

Regarding the tweets Carroll received after she went public but before Trump's denial, Carroll's attorney asked her, "Did any of those tweets accuse you of being a paid Democratic operative?"

"No," Carroll responded.

"Did any of those tweets threaten your life?" her attorney asked.

"No," Carroll said.

"Did any of those tweets say you should be in jail?" her attorney asked.

"No," Carroll answered.

"Did any of those tweets say you should be raped?" her attorney asked.

"No," Carroll replied.

Carroll then stepped down from the witness stand, concluding her testimony. Her lawyers next plan to call a reputational repair expert to the stand.

E. Jean Carroll's Twitter followers increased from about 12,000 to 282,000 after she went public with her rape allegation against then-President Trump, Carroll said under cross-examination.

Carroll testified that the increase was the "result of hard work," but defense attorney Alina Habba asked, "You don't believe any of that increase came from coming forward with your story?"

The defense has suggested that Carroll craved attention, took on Trump to revive her flagging career, and relished the verdict in an earlier trial -- known as Carroll II -- that established Trump was liable for sexually abusing and then defaming her.

"Did the Carroll II verdict, in your opinion, provide you with bigger status in New York?" Habba asked.

"It provided me with enormous elation," Carroll responded.

The defense has also suggested that Carroll assumed the burden for any abusive or threatening messages by appearing on television, participating in a podcast, and sitting for an interview with The New York Times.

"Do you believe you are more well-known because of the allegations you brought against my client, Donald Trump?" Habba asked.

"Yes I am more well-known, and I'm hated by a lot more people," Carroll responded. "I am partaking in this trial to bring my old reputation and status back."

"So you sued Donald Trump to get your old reputation back?" Habba asked.

"Yeah," Carroll bluntly answered, ending the cross-examination.

Defense attorney Alina Habba, delivering her closing argument, showed the jury a series of caustic tweets to make the case that E. Jean Carroll failed to prove she suffered the kind of reputational harm she said Donald Trump caused.

"As you can see, the total number of views of all these tweets that they feel best represents their case is a total of 143 views," Habba said. "That's not evidence of reputational harm."

Habba accused Carroll of enjoying the attention her accusation has created. "Ms. Carroll loves her new reputation and her life. My client is not enjoying this," she said.

"Let's not forget Ms. Carroll is making more money now than she was in June 2019," Habba said.

Habba said that in 2019, Carroll had hit "financial and social rock bottom" and decided to climb her way back to a lavish lifestyle with celebrity friends by making a public accusation against Trump.

"She made an allegation in the most public form by design," Habba said, adding that Trump had repeatedly made his position clear.

That drew an objection from the plaintiffs that was sustained by the judge, since Trump is not allowed to cause the jury to doubt an earlier verdict that held Trump liable for sexual assaulting and defaming Carroll.

"It is established," Judge Kaplan said.

"It is established by a jury," Habba added.

"It is established, and you will not quarrel with me," the judge said.

When Habba resumed, she mocked the reputational repair expert who testified that rehabilitating Carroll would cost as much as $12 million -- particularly the idea that conservative commentators Joe Rogan and Candace Owens should be paid to help Ms. Carroll repair her reputation.

"What planet are we living on?" Habba said.

The plaintiff's rebuttal will follow the defense's closing.