March 5 was Super Tuesday — the biggest election day of the year until the one in November! With former President Donald Trump projected to win 14 of the day's 15 GOP presidential nominating contests, former U.N. Ambassador Nikki Haley announced Wednesday morning that she is suspending her campaign.
It was also the first downballot primary day of 2024, with important contests for Senate, House and governor in states like Alabama, California, North Carolina and Texas.
538 reporters, analysts and contributors broke down the election results as they came in with live updates, analysis and commentary. Read our full live blog below.
Happy Super Tuesday! I'm keeping an eye on Vermont early tonight
As Geoffrey said, polls just closed in our two big Eastern states tonight, Vermont and Virginia. Tonight, I'll be keeping an eye on Vermont early. Vermont is much like its neighbor, New Hampshire, in that it has the demographics that ought to be favorable to Haley. It's one of the least religious states in the country and has a high rate of college attainment. Moreover, Haley has the backing of the Republican establishment in the state. The primary is open, meaning that independents and Democrats could cross the aisle to vote for her, and her campaign has visited the state recently, hoping to drum up support. But she's still earning only about a third of the vote in recent polling, and odds are she'll be disappointed there. Since it's a winner-take-all state, she could walk away with none of its 17 delegates. As Nathaniel wrote after the first-in-the-nation primary in New Hampshire, if Haley couldn't win there, she probably won't win anywhere.
More than half of Haley voters may back Biden in November
In a nationwide February survey from Emerson College, 57 percent of likely Republican primary voters who say they plan to back Haley in the primary say they would vote for Biden, rather than Trump, in November. Twenty-nine percent say they would back Trump over Biden, and 15 percent are unsure. Asked who they expect to win in November, 40 percent of Haley supporters say they expect Biden to win and 33 percent say they expect Trump to win. Among Trump supporters, just 5 percent say they expect Biden to be president after 2024, while 94 percent expect it to be Trump.
—Mary Radcliffe, 538
President Joe Biden, former President Donald Trump and Republican presidential candidate former UN Ambassador Nikki Haley.
Polls have closed in Virginia, where ABC News projects that Biden will win the Democratic primary. Polls also are closing in Vermont, which could arguably be Haley's best shot at upsetting Trump anywhere this evening. We will likely start to get some returns from these states in the next 30 minutes.
—Geoffrey Skelley, 538
0:51
Biden projected to win Virginia's Democratic Party primary
President Joe Biden is projected to win the Democratic primary in Virginia. There is not enough information to project the Republican primary winner in the state.
Tonight, I'll be paying close attention to the results coming in from Alabama's GOP presidential primary.
That's not because there is much doubt about the outcome. Against stiffer competition in 2016, Trump carried every county in this Republican-dominated state, winning by 22 percentage points statewide. In 2024 primaries so far, Trump has tended to do well not only in places where he did well eight years ago, but also in places where Ted Cruz, the leading candidate among more conservative and evangelical voters, did well. Since Cruz finished second in Alabama in 2016, it's not a very promising state for Haley.
Republican presidential candidate, former President Donald Trump speaks in the library at Mar-a-Lago, Mar. 4, 2024, in Palm Beach, Fla.
Alon Skuy/Getty Images
But even without much question about who's going to win statewide, Alabama serves as a bellwether for the state of today's Republican Party. It's the state with the highest population share of evangelical Protestants nationwide, a focal constituency of the contemporary GOP. Alabama has also been home to several competitive GOP primaries in recent years that can jointly tell us a lot about competition in the party today. Even after Trump's rise to the top of the party in 2016, precinct-level returns in Alabama's Senate primaries make clear that there aren't consistent pro-Trump and anti-Trump blocs going head-to-head in election after election. Instead, GOP candidates in recent Alabama primaries have put together somewhat idiosyncratic geographic coalitions.
Consider 2017, when appointed U.S. Senator Luther Strange, who had the backing of both Trump and the GOP establishment, competed against judge Roy Moore in a special election for the GOP's Senate nomination. Despite accusations of child sexual abuse, Moore prevailed over Strange in the primary (before losing to Democrat Doug Jones). New research suggests that in that primary, precinct-level support for Moore was higher in places where Trump and Ben Carson had done better in 2016, but the correlations are pretty modestly sized. In other words, knowing where Trump did better in 2016 really didn't have much predictive power in the next year. Still, Marco Rubio's 2016 vote share was negatively associated with Moore's, meaning those two candidates drew support from different places.
2020 may provide a clearer test: Trump's first supporter in the U.S. Senate and subsequent attorney general, Jeff Sessions, was running to take back his old seat, but Trump and Sessions had since fallen out and Trump instead endorsed the eventual winner, Tommy Tuberville. The places that had backed Trump in 2016 were somewhat less supportive of Sessions in 2020. Still, these correlations were pretty modest, and Trump's 2016 support also wasn't strongly correlated with backing either of Sessions's major opponents, Tuberville or Bradley Byrne.
Sen. Tommy Tuberville (R-AL) walks to a vote in the Senate Chambers at the U.S. Capitol on Feb. 7, 2024 in Washington, DC.
Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images, FILE
And in the 2022 Republican Senate primary, Trump support was slightly negatively associated with 2022 support for both Rep. Mo Brooks, the conservative whom Trump unendorsed during the campaign, and eventual winner Katie Britt, who he did endorse. Trump's 2016 vote was only somewhat positively correlated with support for Mike Durant, a helicopter pilot who was shot down in Somalia as part of the battle depicted in "Black Hawk Down." But like 2017 and 2020, the 2022 Republican primary was not just a rerun of 2016.
Now, with Trump himself on the ballot, it's a different story. I expect that Trump will do very well in the parts of Alabama that he dominated in 2016 (read: most of the state), and that Haley's vote margins will be slightly stronger around Birmingham and Huntsville, just as Rubio did eight years ago. This was true in New Hampshire, for example, where Trump's 2016 precinct-level vote share was correlated with his 2024 vote share at 0.63, a strong correlation given the very different competition he faced in the two years. But, as a close look at Alabama primaries in recent years shows, Trump's 2016 supporters haven't necessarily formed a cohesive voting faction. During the Trump era, when Trump is not on the ballot himself, voters haven't always hewed closely to the divisions he has fostered.
