Trump trial updates: Appeals court denies defense's bid for judge's recusal
The defense rested its case Tuesday without testimony from Donald Trump.
Former President Donald Trump is on trial in New York City, where he is facing felony charges related to a 2016 hush money payment to adult film actress Stormy Daniels. It marks the first time in history that a former U.S. president has been tried on criminal charges.
Trump last April pleaded not guilty to a 34-count indictment charging him with falsifying business records in connection with a hush money payment his then-attorney Michael Cohen made to Daniels in order to boost his electoral prospects in the 2016 presidential election.
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What to know about the hush money case
READ MORE: Here's what you need to know about the historic case.
Merchan rules state doesn't have to prove 2 separate intents
The defense failed to convince Judge Merchan to add a layer of intent that prosecutors have to prove.
Merchan told the parties he was "concerned about" a proposed addition by defense attorneys related to Trump's intent to defraud.
The defense proposed including an instruction that the state "must establish beyond a reasonable doubt two separate intents" for Trump to commit crimes -- for both falsifying records and the other crime Trump furthered with the falsification.
"This proposed language is just inconsistent with the text of the statute," prosecutor Matthew Colangelo argued.
Merchan said he was inclined to use the standard instruction, excluding the proposed defense addition.
"That second level of intent ... is incorporated by reference to the first," Merchan said.
Judge reserves decision on 'accomplice liability'
The debate over jury instructions turned to the definition of "accomplice liability."
Prosecutors argued that jury should be told that Trump can be convicted because he caused false leger entries to be created by Trump Organization employees Jeff McConney and Deb Tarasoff.
Prosecutors said it's a necessary instruction because the defense argued in opening statements that Trump himself did not enter accounting records.
Merchan reserved his decision about "accessorial liability" but said he was inclined to strike the proposed language related to the issue from the final charge.
As the lawyers continue their debate, Trump is flipping through a three-inch stack of papers, some of which appear to be press clippings.
Judge rejects defense request related to 'intent'
Judge Merchan turned to what he called "the most challenging issue facing us all": how to pronounce "eleemosynary," which he said means "relating to charity." The quip got a laugh from both sides.
Merchan moved to delete the word from the jury instructions, and neither side objected.
The judge moved on to discussing the definition of "intent" as it relates to Trump's conduct.
Defense attorney Emil Bove requested that the jury instruction place "more emphasis" on the elements needed to prove Trump had an intent to defraud when he allegedly falsified documents.
"I am going to stick with the standard language," Merchan replied, shooting down the request.
Judge mulls how Cohen's guilty plea should be described
Judge Merchan heard arguments over how former Trump lawyer Michael Cohen's 2018 guilty plea on charges related to the Stormy Daniels payment should be described to the jury -- whether Cohen "participated" in crimes or was "convicted" of crimes.
The judge said echoed a defense concern that Cohen's convictions could be used to infer that Trump, by proxy, should also be found guilty.
"It seems like to me right now we are really playing with fire and getting close to that," Merchan said.
In general, Merchan reminded the parties, "Where there are standard pattern jury instructions, I don't deviate"
Trump says he didn't testify in part because of his 'past'
Donald Trump said Wednesday that he didn't take the stand in his hush money trial because he didn't agree with the judge's rulings -- and because he was seemingly worried about information that could have come out during cross-examination.
"He made rulings that makes it very difficult to testify," Trump said in an interview on WABC Radio, referring to Judge Juan Merchan. "Anything I did, anything I did in the past, they can bring everything up, and you know what, I've had a great past -- but anything."
"The other reason is because they have no case," Trump said. "In other words, why would -- why testify when they have no case?"
Trump had originally indicated he would testify, saying on April 12 that "I would testify, absolutely." But he subsequently appeared to back away from the idea, falsely telling reporters on May 2 that the limited gag order in the case -- which prohibits extrajudicial statements about witnesses and jurors -- prevented him from testifying.
The next day in court, Judge Merchan directly addressed Trump to clarify that he has an "absolute right" to testify and that the limited gag order does not apply to his statements in court.
"I want to stress, Mr. Trump, that you have an absolute right to testify at trial, if that is what you decide to do after consultation with your attorneys," Merchan said.
-Lalee Ibssa, Soo Rin Kim and Kelsey Walsh